Ch 6 P2 Flashcards
In the absence of oxygen, cells can go through either:
anaerobic respiration and fermentation
Anaerobic Respiration: This is a type of respiration that does not use oxygen but
still utilizes the electron transport chain. Some prokaryotes use other molecules
(not oxygen) as the final electron acceptors in this process.
Fermentation: This is a way for cells to regenerate NAD+ from NADH without the
need for the electron transport chain. It allows glycolysis (which produces 2 ATPs
per glucose) to continue. Common types of fermentation in eukaryotic cells
include lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation.
You are exercising intensely and therefore burning up glucose faster than oxygen
is being pumped to the cell, meaning that cellular respiration cannot take place
quickly enough to supply all the energy your body needs. In this case, what do
your cells do? What is the advantage of this process?
Cells use: Lactic Acid Fermentation.
Process: Glycolysis breaks glucose to pyruvate, which turns into lactic acid in muscles.
Advantage:
- Allows quick ATP production without oxygen.
- Enables short, high-intensity activities.
If you deactivate kinases then which method will be able to continue
phosphorylating and why?
If kinases are deactivated, substrate-level phosphorylation can still phosphorylate. This process directly transfers a phosphate from a substrate molecule to ADP, forming ATP, without the need for kinases. It occurs during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
In what part of the cell does Glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm
Into what two molecules does glucose ultimately split at the end of the process of
Glycolysis?
Pyruvate
What are the reactants used in cellular respiration?
Glucose and Oxygen
What role does NAD+ play in redox reactions?
NAD+, an oxidizing agent, can accept electrons and protons from organic
molecules and get reduced to NADH.
Nearly all organisms on earth carry out some form of glycolysis. How does this
fact support or not support the assertion that glycolysis is one of the oldest
metabolic pathways?
To be present in so many different organisms, glycolysis was probably present
in a common ancestor rather than evolving many separate times.
Cellular respiration breaks down glucose and releases carbon dioxide and water.
Which steps in the oxidation of pyruvate produces carbon dioxide?
Removal of a carboxyl group from pyruvate releases carbon dioxide. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex comes into play.
Why might negative feedback mechanisms be more common than positive
feedback mechanisms in living cells?
Negative feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis whereas positive
feedback drives the system away from equilibrium.
What are the electron carriers generated during glycolysis and the krebs cycle?
Circle all that apply.
b. NADH
c. FADH2
Fermentation does not require oxygen and therefore it is said to be ________ .
anaerobic
The movement of which ions across the membrane from the intermembrane
space to the matrix cause ATP synthase to spin and make ATP?
H+
The movement of H+ ions (protons) across the membrane from the
intermembrane space to the matrix causes ATP synthase to spin and make
ATP.
The final electron acceptor during oxidative phosphorylation is:
oxygen
Which process occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Glycolysis
