Ch 9

Question 1

The U.S. has made significant progress toward achieving
Health equity
Eliminating/reducing health disparities
Improving health of all residents
However, the U.S. lags behind other nations in the five dimensions of health. What are they?

Answer 1

Access
Quality
Efficiency
Equity
Healthy lives

Question 2

Progress has not been similarly experiences by all citizens. Keys outcomes vary greatly by

Answer 2

Race, sex, SES, location/regional differences

Question 3

encompasses all major areas of health statistics, including population and health status, health resources, health care use, health care expenditures, and program management data

Answer 3

Health data

Question 4

These are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age such as education attainment, access to health food retailers, environmental hazards, and unemployment

Answer 4

Social determinants of health

Question 5

Reducing health disparities begins with

Answer 5

collecting and providing accurate and useful data on causes of disparities

Question 6

A national disease prevention and health promotion initiative that is science-based and provides 10-year national objectives for improving the health of all Americans

Answer 6

Healthy people

Question 7

Service that gathers a wide variety of timely and reliable data, to include epidemiological and statistical information in order to protect the health of the nation’s population.

Answer 7

The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS)

Question 8

This is one component of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) that serves as the federal government’s designated agency for general purpose health statistics. It provides statistical info that guides actions and policies to improve the health of the American people.

Answer 8

National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)

Question 9

health statistics permit the government to do what?

Answer 9

Document the health status of the U.S. population & selected subgroups
Track the impact of major policy initiative
Id disparities in the health status and use of health care by race and ethnicity, SES, other population characteristics, and geographic region
Document access to and use of health care system
Monitor trends in health indicators
Support biomedical and health services research
Provide data to support public policies and programs

Question 10

The NCHS supports several data systems that collect information annually or periodically

Answer 10

National Vital Statistics System
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
National Health Care Surveys monitors use of medical care
National Immunization Survey
National Survey of Family Growth

Question 11

births, deaths, causes of death, fetal deaths, marriages, and divorces

Answer 11

National Vital Statistics System

Question 12

children/adults interviewed about their health and nutritional status

Answer 12

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Question 13

monitors use of medical care (physicians’ offices, ambulatory surgery centers, nursing homes, and home health agencies), staffing, patient safety, and clinical management of conditions

Answer 13

National Health Care Surveys

Question 14

monitors data on childhood immunization coverage

Answer 14

National Immunization Survey

Question 15

collects data on family life, marriage & divorce, pregnancy, infertility, use of contraception, and men’s/women’s health

Answer 15

National Survey of Family Growth

Question 16

The NCHS collect data from surveys that include items on race and ethnicity from these centers and agencies:

Answer 16

Center for Chronic Disease & Health Promotion
Alcohol, Drug Abuse, & Mental Health Administration
National Institute on Drug Abuse
National Institute of Mental Health
Agency for Health Care Policy & Research
Indian Health Services
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)

Question 17

Aggregated data has been collected since

Answer 17

1977

Question 18

Data standards stemmed from the responsibilities to enforce civil rights laws and were needed to monitor equal access in housing, education, employment, and other areas for what type of populations?

Answer 18

populations that historically had experienced discrimination and differential treatment because of their race or ethnicity

Question 19

Valid & reliable data are fundamental for

Answer 19

identifying differences in care & developing targeted interventions to improve the quality of care delivered to specific populations.

Question 20

The capacity to measure & monitor quality of care for various racial & ethnic populations rests on the ability both to do what?

Answer 20

MEASURE quality of care in general and to conduct similar measurements across different racial, ethnic, and linguistic groups.

Question 21

The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) provides the standardized ethnic categories for collecting these data:

Answer 21

Black or African American
White
Asian
American Indian or Alaska Native
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander

Question 22

essential first step towards ensuring effective health care communication

Answer 22

Assessing individual language need

Question 23

It has been recommended that data be collected on the level of what?

Answer 23

English proficiency and preferred spoken language, the language spoken by the person at home, and the language in which they prefer to receive written materials.

When it’s a child, the language need of the parent or guardian must be determined.

Question 24

When should a person’s language need be assessed?

Answer 24

If an adult has a guardian or conservator

Question 25

Having language need information facilitates higher quality services in

Answer 25

Encounters
Analysis of health care disparities
System level planning (determining the need for interpreters and matching patients to language concordant providers)

Question 26

describes the myriad components of the well-being or ill health of the population so that health care professionals can develop interventions for preventing and controlling disease and evaluate the effect of these interventions

Answer 26

Health status

Question 27

include various measures such as the nature and extent of mortality, morbidity, and disability in people and populations, as well as their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors concerning health and health care.

Answer 27

Health status data

Question 28

Life expectancy for men and women

Answer 28

76.4 for men
81.2 for women

Question 29

Health ranking by state

Answer 29

Hawaii was listed as the healthiest state followed by Vermont and Minnesota

Mississippi ranked 50th, with Arkansas, Louisiana, Alabama, and West Virginia completing the bottom 5 states

Question 30

refers to a higher burden of illness, injury, disability, or mortality experienced by one population group relative to another group. It’s a particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage.

Answer 30

Health disparity

Question 31

differences among groups in health insurance coverage, access to and use of care, and quality of care.

Answer 31

Health care disparity

Question 32

attainment of the highest level of health for all people

Answer 32

Health equity

Question 33

Areas of disparities

Answer 33

Even when income, health insurance, and access to care are accounted for, disparities remain. Low performance on a range of health indicators reveals differences between racial and ethnic-minority populations and their White counterparts.

Health Outcomes (infant mortality, HIV/AIDS death rate, cervical cancer rate, depression in women, victimization of intimate partner, rates of blood pressure control lowest amongst Mexican Americans, diabetes prevalence)

Access to Care

Environmental Hazards

Question 34

No single factor can fully explain the U.S. health disadvantage. Four areas are likely:

Answer 34

Health systems
Health behaviors
Social and economic conditions
Physical environments