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Ethics And Multiculturalism > Ch 1 > Flashcards

Ch 1 Flashcards

1
Q

a complex system of multiple universal elements, such as language, value, traditions, and behaviors that coalesce, in different combinations akin to a kaleidoscope, to create a whole

A

Culture

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2
Q

visible and observable and provides evidence of human development through interactions with and transformation of the environment

A

External culture

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3
Q

aspects of culture that are expressed in individual lives, particularly the ways people behave in certain situations

A

Internal culture

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4
Q

food, art, literature, festival celebrations, and traditional clothes is an example of what type of culture

A

External

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5
Q

gestures, facial expressions, and behavioral norms are examples of what type of culture?

A

Internal

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6
Q

Any group whose members agree on symbolic elements that are essential to the group’s core identity

A

Culture group

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7
Q

flags, logos, other symbols that require insider knowledge are an example of what

A

Culture group

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8
Q

Culture can be conceived of as a process that is

A

learned, localized, patterned, value based, and adaptive

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9
Q

Context culture can be either

A

High or low

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10
Q

people know more about others in their cultural group implicitly and can understand the meaning of what is said without it being stated explicitly

A

High context culture

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11
Q

communication is clear and transparent even to those outside the cultural group. Communication is explicit, specific, and detailed to ensure the meaning is understood by people of diverse backgrounds or contexts

A

Low context culture

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12
Q

Asian, Latin American, and Mediterranean countries are which type of context

A

High

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13
Q

U.S. and northern European nations are ____ context; communication is literal, and words communicate the message in its entirety

A

Low

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14
Q

5 dimensions for understanding culture

A

•Power distance
•Individualism vs. collectivism
•Uncertainty avoidance
•Masculinity vs. femininity
•Time orientation

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15
Q

Two types of knowledge People acquire about their own culture from the inside.

A

Emic and etic knowledge

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16
Q

cultural knowledge acquired early in life through socialization

A

Emic knowledge

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17
Q

information acquired explicitly in theoretical ways (e.g. - reading) or through observation (of people from that culture)

A

Etic knowledge

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18
Q

The process by which people acquire the characteristics of a culture group

A

Socialization

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19
Q

Ways socialization is acquired

A

family members teach a child situation-appropriate behaviors initially, and the child’s circle expands, community institutions like schools also contribute to socialization

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20
Q

Socialization into multiple cultural groups occurs throughout the ___________

A

Lifespan

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21
Q

symbols and systems of meaning that are relevant to members of a particular culture or society

A

Culture codes

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22
Q

True/False: culture codes work subconsciously, shaping behaviors that make people distinctly American or French or Japanese. They influence how people process information, conduct their social lives, and assign hidden meanings to things

A

True

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23
Q

Membership in a group comes with the expectation that the individual accepts group values and norms.

A

Deviation

24
Q

With deviation, doing differently can be a source of cultural conflict when WHAT type of knowledge contributes to bias, stereotypes, and attitudinal intolerances.

A

Emic knowledge

25
Q

Levels of cultural influence

A

Individual
Interpersonal
Organizational
Structural

26
Q

Interpersonal cultural influence

A

Family, friends, and social groups

27
Q

Organizational cultural influence

A

Personal and professional community

28
Q

Structural cultural influences

A

Societal, state, national, and global laws, regulations, and policies

29
Q

highly varied, complex, and specific to migrants’ local-level social, economic, and political contexts

A

Patterns of migration

30
Q

describes the hybrid culture that evolves through the blending of home or heritage culture and host or receiving culture

A

Ethnogenesis

31
Q

occurs when people encounter and experience cultures that are different from their original culture; these transformative experiences shape & alter people, their occupations, and their environments

A

Acculturation

32
Q

A society in which individuals form different cultural groups coexist, enjoy the freedom to retain their cultural practices, and participate in the larger society. The process happens over time.

A

Cultural pluralism

33
Q

mixing of languages that happens with bilingual speakers

Can be expanded to include mixing behaviors and attitudes as adaptive strategies to cope with the stress of navigating different cultural spaces.

It is used by members of all cultural groups to fit in, to stand apart, or to communicate in a tacit manner in a contewxt different from their most proximal or familiar context.

A

Code switching

34
Q

considering the intersections among multiple issues (race, gender, class)
AND
takes into account the social and political institutional inequities and power differentials that lead to and perpetuate cumulative disadavatages of certain disenfranchised groups

Are two unique perspectives of what?

A

Intersection framework

35
Q

the principles or beliefs that people hold about what is fundamentally important in life. These beliefs influence behavioral standards and action; prescribe what is deemed appropriate behavior given a particular situation

A

Values

36
Q

beliefs, assumptions, attitudes, motivations, and behaviors adhered to by a specific culture group. They are the lenses group members use to view themselves, the world, and outsiders

A

Culture-specific values

37
Q

6 characteristics that all values share

A

1.Values are beliefs that are related to emotions.
2.Values are concerned with desirable actions or goals.
3.Values transcend specific situations and actions.
4.Values set the norms or standards.
5.Values have a rank order of importance.
6.The relative importance of values is situation dependent and guides the course of action or behavior.

38
Q

type of goal or motivation it expresses

A

Distinguishing factor

39
Q

products of values and guide interpersonal behaviors and relationships

A

Attitudes

40
Q

prevailing negative ways of feeling or thinking in any society that affect interpersonal interactions, social inclusion, and participation for certain groups

Example: racism

A

Attitudinal barriers

41
Q

refers to the notion of a single American cultural identity in which immigrants forsake their original culture and adopt the dominant cultural values to assimilate into mainstream American culture

A

Melting pot metaphor

42
Q

captures the idea of immigrants’ retaining their own culture while adopting aspects of mainstream culture to better participate in everyday life

A

Salad bowl metaphor

43
Q

Belief in a set of common core values. Essential for society to function.

A

National idenditiy

44
Q

The phenomenon of global economic cooperation and integration that has facilitated the easy movement of people, goods, services, ideas, and culture across nations

process that encompasses the causes, course, and consequences of transnational and transcultural integration of human and non-human activities

A

Globalization

45
Q

the economic, technological and cultural hegemony of the industrialized nations, which determines the direction of both economic and social progress, defines cultural values, and standardizes the civilization and cultural environment throughout the world

A

Cultural imperialism

46
Q

These two things influence each other reciprocally; as one evolves, so does the other

A

Technology and culture

47
Q

Centrality of occupation, Client-centered practice, Autonomy, Individualism, and Recognizing professional cultural bias describe the what of OT

A

Values

48
Q

Views the purview of health care as treating impairments in the body systems caused by pathology, trauma, and other health conditions,

A

Biomedical culture of the health care system

49
Q

Current paradigm of health & well-being

A

Biopsychosocial paradigm

50
Q

holds that biological, psychological, and social factors play an equally significant role in human functioning. This paradigm best matches occupational therapy’s culture and values

A

Biopsychosocial paradigm

51
Q

How does adopting the biopsychosocial paradigm support the OT profession?

A

By addressing contextual factors and their contributions to occupational issues, health, and well-being and embracing an ideological shift from the biomedical paradigm to the biopsychosocial paradigm

52
Q

the study of humans as occupational beings and the occupational meanings, experiences, and contextual aspects that enrich the health, well-being, and quality of human lives.

A

Occupational science

53
Q

the right of people to engage in occupations to sustain their health and well-being

A

Occupational justice

54
Q

the integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values

A

EBP

55
Q

includes both personal and environmental factors among the influences on health, and medicine

A

ICF model

56
Q

a fundamental tenet of the OT profession, is challenged by reimbursement, scope of practice issues, billing codes, and organizational role delineation.

A

Holistic practice

Ethics And Multiculturalism (12 decks)

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