Ch 9

Question 1

Use the question “To What Extent”? Since it helps you consider all the information [placeholder]

Answer 1

.

Question 2

Similar ideas: Generalized mental representations [placeholder]

Answer 2

.

Question 3

Schema

Answer 3

mental representation of what is typically expected in a particular situation

Question 4

Concept

Answer 4

mental representation of a category of things, their features

Question 5

Stereotype

Answer 5

mental representation of a group of people, their characteristics

Question 6

Script

Answer 6

Schema with order

Question 7

These 4 things do what?

Answer 7

Help our perceptions, memory, and judgments of the world. We evolved to see patterns

But can also lead to problems (memory error, narrow worldviews, prejudice & discrimination)

Question 8

How are categories represented in LTM?

Theoretical Approaches: [placeholder]

Answer 8

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Question 9

Definitional (Classic)

Answer 9

Set of rules

Question 10

Prototype

Answer 10

Abstracted central tendency

Question 11

Exemplar

Answer 11

Multiple examples

Question 12

Semantic Network (aka Associative Network)

Answer 12

Basic levels of categorization

Question 13

Nested Concepts

Answer 13

Nested Concepts

Super-ordinate (EX: animal, furniture)

Basic-level (EX:, bird, chair)

Subordinate (EX: warbler, wooden desk chair)

Question 14

Basic-level

Answer 14

• First concepts to be learned developmentally
• Natural level at which objects are named
• highest level at which objects share same features and overall shape

Question 15

Category levels and features (Rosch et al., 1976, Exp.1)

Question 16

Basic Category Levels and Production Task (naming)

Question 17

Semantic Network (Aka associative network, knowledge network

Question 18

Differences in default level as function of expertise

Question 19

Online exp: Lexical Decision (semantic priming)

Answer 19

• Seeing the first word PRIMED the associated second word, making us FASTER to respond
• Evidence supports the idea of spreading activation in a semantic network

Question 20

Evidence for cognitive economy of hierarchical organization of semantic network

Answer 20

Claim: Cognitive Economy: inheritance: Property info stores are high up the hierarchy as possible to minimize redundancy

IF TRUE, then: Sentences should take more time to process when there is more “distance” (# of levels to traverse in the network) between the feature and the concept

Question 21

Network Theories [Placeholder]

Question 22

Symbolic Network (aka semantic network) (e.g., Collin and Quillian hierarchal)

Question 23

Connectionist Network aka Parallel Distributed Processing

Answer 23

• Representations are not symbol structures but rather patterns of potential activation

Question 24

Parallel distributed processing

Answer 24

• spreading activation between nodes across weighted connections

Question 25

Learning (training) in a connectionist netowork

Answer 25

Network starts with an equal link

First time we try