Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Invert Biology > Ch 9-11: Mollusca > Flashcards

Ch 9-11: Mollusca Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

5 tree features of Phylum Mollusca

A
  • bilateral
  • excretory system
  • protostomes
  • lophotrochozoa
  • trochophore larva
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

7 defining features of Mollusca

A
  • soft-bodied
  • dorsal epithelium forms the mantle
  • ventral body wall muscles form the muscular foot
  • mantle cavity contains gills/ctenidia
  • have a radula
  • small coelom
  • open circ system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

2 features of the mantle

A
  • secretes CaCO3 spicules/shells

- drapes over visceral mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is a radula

A

file-like feeding structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

open circ mechanics

A

several sinuses that join to form a hemocoel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3 layers of the shell (outside in)

A
  1. periostracum
  2. prismatic layer
  3. nacreous layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

periostracum features (2)

A
  • mostly made of protein

- protects the inner layers from acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

prismatic layer features (2)

A
  • made of CaCO3 and protein

- thickest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

nacreous layer features (2)

A
  • scales of CaCO3 in proteins

- iridescent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how many shells do Polyplacophora (Chitons) have on their dorsum?

A

8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where would calcerous spicules on a chiton be located if they had them?

A

girdle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

chiton speed

A

slow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

when do chitons feed

A

nocturnal grazers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are chitons famous for

A

super muscular foot, hard to pull from rocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how many pairs of ctenidia can chitons have, and where are they located?

A

up to 90 in their mantle cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which direction do cilia move w

A

anterior -> posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what kind of gut do chitons have

A

thru

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

why might chitons need large digestive glands and a well-developed radule?

A

must prod enzymes to break down cellulose as they are herbivores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

advantage of countercurrent exchange at ctenidia in chitons

A

diffusion can occur all the way down the mantle; no eq reached

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how does blood return to chitons vessels?

A

via sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what compound helps bind O in chitons?

A

hemocyanin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

where might you find chitons pair of excretory organs?

A

in a sinus or coelom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

chiton nervous system (4)

A
  • anterior ring around gut
  • 2 lateral
  • 2 medial nerve cords
  • no brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what type of eyes do chitons have and where

A

ocelli, some have lensed eyes; on the dorsum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

where are chitons gonads located

A

dorsal side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what 2 things do Aplacophora NOT have that most other Molluscs have

A
  • calcerous spicules

- obvious foot or mantle cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

4 features of Aplacophorans

A
  • mostly deep w
  • usually < 5cm
  • live on/in sedi
  • eat cnidarians, annelids, foraminifera
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Monoplacophora feature

A

thought extinct, rediscovered, now only in deep w (outcompeted)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

gastropoda shell

A

single, spiral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what way do most gastropod shells spiral

A

to the right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

where is the operculum in gastropods located and what is its funct

A

foot; trap door

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

two features of gastropods that show their greater cephalization

A
  • distinct head with two eyes and sensory tentacles

- distinct ganglia that sometimes form a ‘brain’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is torsion

A

visceral mass and nervous system of adults twisted 90-180 deg anticlockwise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

when does torsion occur

A

embryonic development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what is the result of torsion in gastropods?

A

anus and mantle cavity is above the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

2 adv of torsion in gastropods

A
  • allows head to be pulled in 1st

- foot comes in last, leaving the operculum @ the door

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

2 other defenses of gastropods

A
  • accumulation of distasteful compounds

- can smell nearby predators or wounded spp and move away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

osphradium

A

a chemoreceptor for smell in the mantle cavity of a gastro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

subclass prosobranchia holds mostly ? spp

A

marine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

prosobranchia are 50/50 herbivores and predators. predators have 3 adaptations that help them

A
  • a drill-like radula
  • venom delivered by a hollow radular tooth (harpoon)
  • tube-like ext of the mantle called the siphon that is used to sample scents
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

do opisthobranchs have shells

A

nope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

do opisthobranchs perform torsion

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

what is different about the way opisthobranchs perform gas exchange?

A

no ctenidia; gas exchange via cerata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

what are cerata

A

horn-like dorsal projections from the dorsum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

rhinophores

A

a pair of sensory tentacles on the dorsum, potentially the same as the osphradium

46
Q

3 ways opisthobranchs defend themselves

A
  • carry chemical defenses
  • toxic colouration
  • acquired nematocysts
47
Q

opisthobranchs and photosynth (2)

A
  • some acquire photosynth symbionts

- Elysia chlorotica IS photosynth

48
Q

pulmonata subclass resp (2)

A
  • breathe air using the folded mantle cavity as a lung

- mantle cavity opens to outside via a pore called a pneumostome

49
Q

pulmonata sex

A

hermaphrodites w/ complicated sex lives

50
Q

shelled pulmonates lack a ? but use a mucus plug instead

A

operculum

51
Q

what do bivalva have instead of radula?

A

siphons

52
Q

what do bivalves use to dig into substrate?

A

their muscular foot

53
Q

where are bivalves 2 shells hinged

A

at the mid-dorsal line

54
Q

the 2 shells of a bivalve are connected by a protein ligament that, when relaxed, tends to open the shells. what does this mean?

A

only need muscles to close them - adductors

55
Q

muscle scars =

A

attachment points of the adductor muscles in a bivalve

56
Q

what does the pallial line mark

A

the edge of the living mantle

57
Q

what does the pallial sinus mark

A

the region into which the siphon is withdrawn

58
Q

what type of bivalve might not have a sinus

A

epifauna

59
Q

umbo

A

a dorsal bump that marks the oldest part of the shell

60
Q

5 steps to bivalve feeding

A
  1. cilial action pulls w into incurrent siphon
  2. suspended particles caught by mucus on ctenidia
  3. cilia move mucus to gill edges and forward to the mouth
  4. labial palps sort food
  5. enters mouth as a mucus string w/ the captures plankton
61
Q

what is the function of a crystalline style

A

rotating gelatinous red that releases enzymes thru erosion that help digest the food; may also rotate and twist mucus into the digestive tract

62
Q

where do wastes exit bivalves

A

anus; excurrent siphon

63
Q

where is a bivalve heart kept

A

in the coelom, in a dorsal, fluid-filled pericardial cavity

64
Q

bivalves have no blood pigment. what does this mean?

A

they are less efficient at transporting O2 in the blood

65
Q

what fluid are the 2 metanephridia below the heart of bivalves filtering?

A

interstitial fluid

66
Q

bivalves don’t have much cephalization or need for it, but they do have ? pairs of ganglia that coordinate different regions

A

3

67
Q

what 3 nervous system features do bivalves have

A
  • statocysts
  • chemosensory cells
  • simple eyes, scallops have lensed eyes
68
Q

bivalve sexes

A

separate

69
Q

what is a bivalve veliger

A

a type of intermediate larval form between trochophore and adult

70
Q

how is freshwater fert different that marine fert in bivalves?

A

eggs held interior to females gills; sperm swim to them - less chance of loss

71
Q

glochidia, freshwater bivalve larvae, are sometimes ?

A

ectoparasites

72
Q

what do epifaunal bivalves attach to the substrate with?

A

byssal threads

73
Q

how are the shipworms unique? (2)

A
  • need wood to complete their lifecycle

- two shells @ head and extra cell-like structure @ bottom

74
Q

what do Scaphopoda use to find food?

A

tentacles probe sand

75
Q

where do scaphopods perform gas exchange?

A

folded mantle cavity

76
Q

2 unique features of scaphopods

A
  • shell open at both ends

- no eyes

77
Q

what type of predators are squids?

A

high speed

78
Q

what type of predators are octupuses?

A

bottom and crevice hunters

79
Q

what type of predators are nautiluses?

A

scavengers, bottom hunters

80
Q

5 feat of cephalopods

A
  • carnivores
  • marine
  • foot modified into arms and a funnel like siphon
  • closed circ system
  • may have radula
81
Q

are ammonites alive today?

A

nope; extinct at the end of the Cretaceous

82
Q

decapods anatomy (2)

A
  • 10 arms w/ suckers

- 2 long arms for catching prey

83
Q

decapod mouth features (2)

A
  • chitinized jaws bite off food chunks

- radula reduced; toxins ?

84
Q

decapod shell features (2)

A
  • reduced and buried in the mantle

- made of protein and may contain chitin

85
Q

what has the shell become in a squid?

A

a pen

86
Q

what has the shell become in a cuttlefish?

A

a bouyant cuttlebone

87
Q

ink functions (2)

A
  • distraction/smoke screen

- affects chemoreceptors of predators

88
Q

how are decapods and octopuses able to change colour?

A

chromatophores expanding and contracting

89
Q

decapod photophore funct

A

attracting prey, mates, enemies of predators

90
Q

why are decapods more active in cold w?

A

cold w can hold more DO than warm

91
Q

how do decapods circ w for resp?

A

pumping of the mantle

92
Q

how many hearts do decapods have?

A

3 -1 systemic and 2 brachial

93
Q

why would decapods have hemocyanin, which has a low O2 affinity?

A

O2 is easily released at the tissues

94
Q

decapod brain type

A

large, lobed, encircles the esophagus, protected

95
Q

nerves on decapod arms (2)

A
  • long, thick neurons

- tactile receptors

96
Q

2 other nervous system features of decapods

A
  • olfactory organ

- 2 statocysts

97
Q

what type of eyes do decapods have?

A

lensed; can form images

98
Q

what is unique about decapod mating

A

courtship rituals

99
Q

why do decapods have courtship rituals? (2)

A
  • ensures that they are members of the same species

- way of gauging quality of potential partner

100
Q

what is unique about the way that decapods fert

A

internal open fert; occurs in the mantle cavity

101
Q

hectocotylus

A

modified arm used for transfer of spermatophore

102
Q

which stage do decapods disperse in?

A

direct developmental tiny babies that are planktonic

103
Q

extinct Belminite features (3)

A
  • fossils of squid-like features
  • hard/bullet-like internal shell
  • survived the Cretaceous extinction but disappeared shortly after
104
Q

octopoda arm features (2)

A
  • 8

- suckers all the way down

105
Q

octopoda shell

A

gone

106
Q

3 reasons a female octopus may fan her eggs

A
  • oxygenation
  • keeps off algae
  • agitation may help hatchlings emerge
107
Q

who do Nautilus look like?

A

ammonites - spiral shell w/ air pockets

108
Q

difference btwn ammonite and nautilus septa

A

ammonite septa are squiggly to accomodate for higher pressures; nautilus’ are smoothly concave

109
Q

siphincle

A

tube that connects the chambers in a nautilus shell

110
Q

how do nautilus control their place in the water column

A

ratio of l:g in old chambers affects bouyancy

111
Q

how many tentacles do nautilus’ have? are they retractible?

A

90; yes

Invert Biology (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions