Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Invert Biology > Ch 6-7: Phylum Cnidaria > Flashcards

Ch 6-7: Phylum Cnidaria Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

how many epithelial layers do cnidarians have?

A

2: outer epidermus and inner gastrodermus/endodermus - diploblastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what do the cells in the epithelia do? (5)

A
  • communication
  • movement
  • digestion
  • internal transport
  • reproduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the connective tissue in cnidaria?

A

jellylike mesoglea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

do cnidarians have distinct muscle and nervous tissue?

A

some do

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what type of symmetry do cnidarians have?

A

superficially, radial

- aboral and oral sides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the two types of body forms cnidarians have?

A
  1. polyp

2. medusa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

are clonal colonies of medusae and polyps common?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

polyp properties (2)

A
  • asexual

- benthic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

medusa properties (2)

A
  • sexual

- free-swimming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what type of larva do they have?

A

planktonic (planula)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does cnidarians gv cavity allow for?

A

more extracellular digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

type of diet

A

carniverous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what do their tentacles do? (2)

A

catch food and defend

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what do cnidocytes contain?

A

nematocysts (triggered bags of dischargeable threads)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

do cnidarians have a brain?

A

no; may have ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what do the light sensitive cells on their epithelium do? (2)

A
  • gather info

- send out commands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

where are cnidarians statosysts located?

A

btwn tentacle bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the primary function of bell pulsation?

A

food collection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how do cnidarians respire and excrete?

A

diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

4 anthozoan features

A
  1. no medusa stage
  2. thick mesoglea with many cells
  3. gv cavity divided by septa/mesenteries
  4. have siphonoglyphs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

anthozoan symmetry

A

bilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how do anthozoans cnidocytes differ from those of other cnidarians?

A

no operculum and no trigger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

hexacorallia features (4)

A
  • many tentacles
  • 6 mesenteries
  • 2 siphonoglyphs
  • some colonial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

octacorallia features (4)

A
  • tentacles in groups of 8
  • 8 primary mesenteries
  • 1 siphonoglyph
  • almost all colonial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

4 features of actiniaria (sea anenomes)

A
  • use muscles and internal water as hydrostatic skeleton
  • can change shape
  • move via basal disc crawl
  • some ‘swim’
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

how do actiniaria asexually repro?

A

can cleave in half

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

how do actiniaria sexually repro? (4 steps)

A
  1. gonads along mesenteries prod gametes
  2. gametes ejected thru mouth
  3. planula larvae
  4. settle and turn into polyp
28
Q

acrorhagi

A

bulges of body wall w/ many nematocysts

29
Q

what is the function of acrorhagi?

A

territorial fights

30
Q

Scleractinia features (3)

A
  • colonial
  • CaCo3 skeleton surrounds each polyp and extends along mesenteries
  • some spp combine to form reefs, some are solitary
  • mostly in shallow, clear, tropical water
31
Q

how do corals eat?

A
  • hunt at night
  • prod mucus to help prey capture
  • some purely carnivorous deepwater corals
  • 90% of food prod by zooxanthellae
32
Q

how are zooxanthellae acquired?

A

taken into vesicles via phagocytosis; can be expelled/lost (bleaching)

33
Q

3 features of Octocorallia

A
  • use chemicals to poison/discourage predators
  • tentacles have tiny side-branches (pinnules)
  • tolerant of enviro extremes than stony corals
34
Q

what are Gorgonacea (sea plumes, fans, whips) skeleton made of?

A

protein; spicles of CaCO3

35
Q

3 features of Pennatulacea (sea pens)

A
  • colonies of different, specialized polyps
  • CaCO3 spicules give support and colour
  • usually in deeper water
36
Q

polyp formation and function

A
  • one polyp forms a central stalk and a root-like penduncle, other form side branches
  • others collect food and carry nematosysts
37
Q

3 ways sea pens can defend themselves?

A
  • taste bad
  • can withdraw into penduncle
  • bioluminescence
38
Q

what is unique about medusazoan DNA?

A

linear mitochondrial DNA

39
Q

5 defining features of Scyphozoa

A
  • thick mesoglea that may contain cells
  • medusa most obvious part of life cycle
  • medusa may have 4 mouth lobes as well as tentacles that contain nematocysts and extensions of the gv cavity
  • 2 neuron networks; one for swimming, one for everything else
  • special sensory organs called rhopalia along bell margin
40
Q

what type of symmetry to scyphozoa have?

A

bilateral

41
Q

what 3 things do rhopalia contain?

A
  • statosysts
  • ocelli
  • chemosensory cells
42
Q

5 features if Cubozoa

A
  • 4 tentacles/clusters of them
  • reduced bell opening for extra propulsion
  • well-developed nerve net
  • well-developed rhopalia
  • potent nematocysts
43
Q

what type of symmetry do Cubozoa have?

A

bilateral

44
Q

where are Cubozoa most common?

A

near shore

45
Q

Cubozoan eyes

A
  • up to 6 eyes per rhopalium
  • 4 have a lens and can form images
  • may help avoid large obstacles
46
Q

in their life history, what do Cubozoans NOT have?

A

strobilization

47
Q

5 features of Staurozoa

A
  • polyps have a stalk, bearing a 4 sided calyx
  • 1-4cm
  • no medusa stage
  • attach to rocks, seaweed
  • known as fossils
48
Q

how many sets of tentacles to Staurozoa have?

A

8

49
Q

where are Staurozoa most common?

A
  • cold northern seas

- near shore

50
Q

4 stages of annual life cycle

A
  1. m/f release eggs into water
  2. eggs sink to bottom
  3. larvae crawl along bottom
  4. metamorphose into polyp
51
Q

4 features of Class Hydrozoa

A
  • thin mesoglea with no cells
  • alternate btwn polyp and hydromedusa
  • mostly small
  • most morphologically diverse class
52
Q

Gonionemus features (2)

A
  • hydromedusa most commonly seen

- nerve net and nerve ring at bell margin

53
Q

life cycle of Gonionemus (5)

A
  1. separate sexes perform open fert
  2. planula larva
  3. settles to the bottom
  4. grows tentacles and mouth and becomes polyp
  5. budding forms more polyps or hydromedusae
54
Q

what is unique about Turritopsis?

A

does not die after sexual repro - can turn back into polyps

55
Q

7 unique features of Hydra

A
  • adapted to freshwater
  • no hydromedusa stage
  • no statocysts
  • can retract into a blob
  • has stretch receptors
  • somatosensory cells on basal disc and tentacles
  • can move towards light
56
Q

what are 3 ways Hydra can move?

A
  • basal disc crawl
  • somersaulting
  • detaching and being carried by the current
57
Q

how do Hydra asexually repro?

A

when they are well fed, they bud new polyps

58
Q

how do Hydra sexually repro?

A

polyps prod free-swimming sperm but hold onto their eggs

- release a gastrula that ‘hatches’ into a polyp

59
Q

which stages are usually present in colonial Hydroids?

A

polyp and hydromedusa stages

60
Q

how are new polyps produced?

A

via budding

  • stay attached to become the colony
  • called zooids
61
Q

zooid specialization (2)

A
  • gastrozooids eat

- gonozooids prod hydromedusae for sexual repro

62
Q

colonial structure of Hydroids

A
  • share gv and food
  • zooids connected by stalk
  • colony is rooted by a stolon
  • stalks and stolons encased by common perisac
63
Q

what is a perisac made of?

A

polysaccharides and proteins

64
Q

Siphonofore characteristics (2)

A
  • colonies of polyps and medusae

- medusae may jet propel the colony or may act as sails

65
Q

3 types of zooids in Portuguese man of war polyps

A
  • gastrozooids
  • gonozooids
  • dactylozooids
66
Q

Port man of war tentacles length

A

up to 20m

67
Q

Myxozoa characteristics (3)

A
  • much reduced body complexity
  • parasites of fish and annelids
  • consist of only a few cells

Invert Biology (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions