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Invert Biology > ch 19: Trilobita and Chelicerata > Flashcards

ch 19: Trilobita and Chelicerata Flashcards

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1
Q

when did trilobites live?

A

Early Cambrian to the end of the Permian

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2
Q

why did trilobites go extinct?

A

in the largest extinction ever

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3
Q

what 3 sections did trilobites bodies have?

A

2 lateral and 1 axial

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4
Q

what type of eyes did trilobites have?

A

compound

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5
Q

what type of appendages did trilobites have?

A

biramous

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6
Q

trilobite larvae

A

planktonic

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7
Q

Chelicerata 2 tagmata

A
  • cephalothorax

- abdomen

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8
Q

most anterior appendages in chelicerata are

A

chelicerae

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9
Q

2nd most anterior appendages in chelicerata

A

pedipalps

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10
Q

what are chelicerae used for

A

feeding

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11
Q

class merostomata = xyphosura =

A

horseshoe crabs

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12
Q

why are horseshoe crabs called living fossils

A

little has changed in their over 400 mill yr existence b/c it hasn’t needed to

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13
Q

where do xyphosura live?

A

shallow muddy ocean floor

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14
Q

what do merostomata eat?

A

worms, molluscs, etc

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15
Q

how do horseshoe crabs eat

A

swallow food in chunks and process it in a gizzard

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16
Q

3 ways a merostomata moves

A
  • burrows
  • walk
  • swim upside down
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17
Q

carapace

A

protective shell like structure covering sometimes multiple tagmata

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18
Q

how is food in xyphosura shredded

A

using gnathobases at the armpits of their legs

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19
Q

horseshoe crab eyes

A

compound

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20
Q

horseshoe crab resp

A

book gills on underside of abdomen

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21
Q

xyphosura mating

A

orgy on shore

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22
Q

4 steps to horseshoe crab mating and birth/growth

A
  1. F lays eggs in pit
  2. M deposits sperm on top
  3. eggs hatch - direct development
  4. takes several molts to become an adult
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23
Q

class Eurypterids characteristics (3)

A
  • went extinct in the Paleozoic
  • incl the largest Arthropods to have ever lived
  • sometimes come partially on land to feed (pioneers)
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24
Q

class Pycnogonida

A

sea spiders

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25
Q

Pycnogonids are exclusively

A

marine

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26
Q

sea spiders eat (3)

A
  • sponges
  • cnidarians
  • echinoderms
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27
Q

pycnogonids movement

A

slowly, using their legs to cling onto things

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28
Q

how many pairs of walking legs do sea spiders have?

A

4

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29
Q

3 pycnogonid appendages

A
  • ovigers
  • palps
  • chelicerae
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30
Q

ovigers in sea spiders

A

for cleaning and for males to carry the eggs

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31
Q

what do pycnogonids eat with

A

suck up food w/ proboscis

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32
Q

sea spider resp? excretion?

A

diffusion

33
Q

class arachnida (4)

A
  • spiders
  • ticks
  • mites
  • scorpions
34
Q

6 arachnida appendages

A
  • chelicerae
  • pedipalps
  • 4 pairs of walking legs
35
Q

arachnida eyes

A

ocelli

36
Q

what 3 things do arachnida not have

A
  • antennae
  • mandibles
  • compound eyes
37
Q

order aranea

A

spiders

38
Q

spider diet

A

carnivores

39
Q

aranea carapace

A

covers cephalothorax

40
Q

spider chelicerae are modified into

A

fangs

41
Q

scopulae

A

broom-like tufts for adhesion

42
Q

3 funct of pedipalps in spiders

A
  • males use it to transfer spermatophore
  • sensory
  • holding prey
43
Q

spinnerets

A

extrude silk

44
Q

aranea resp

A

book lungs and trachea in epigastric furrow

45
Q

aranea circ

A

open

46
Q

centralized nervous system in spiders allows for

A

fast sensory processing and reflexes

47
Q

2 main ganglia in spiders

A
  • supraesophageal ganglion

- subesophageal ganglion

48
Q

4 steps to spider eating

A
  1. trap prey in web or pounce onto it
  2. stab and poison w/ cheliceral fangs
  3. inject digestive enzymes
  4. sucking stomach draws in food
49
Q

5 steps to spider mating and repro

A
  1. courtship (ensures male is not eaten/is fit)
  2. male used pedipalp to pass spermatophore into female’s receptacle
  3. F spins special cocoon for eggs
  4. F guards cocoon and spiderlings after emergence sometimes also
  5. spiderlings disperse via wind
50
Q

spider development

A

direct

51
Q

how many spider spp’s venom is actually dangerous to humans

A

20-30

52
Q

what protein is spider silk made of

A

fibroin

53
Q

how do spiders prevent their silk from solidifying until out of body

A

store in lipid bags

54
Q

silk can be specified into at least 6 diff types

A
  • 2x eggs
  • anchor a dragline
  • radial
  • spiral
  • catching prey
55
Q

silk strength

A

as strong as nylon - can stretch up to 130% before breaking

56
Q

are web design characteristics learned or genetic?

A

genetic

57
Q

5 common spider families

A
  • funnel web spiders
  • orb-web spinners
  • wolf spiders
  • crab spiders
  • jumping spiders
58
Q

wolf spider females

A

carry spiderlings

59
Q

crab spider characteristics (3)

A
  • ambushers who wait on flowers/leaves
  • often white/yellow
  • suck food thru tiny punctures (look unharmed after)
60
Q

jumping spiders sharacteristics (2)

A
  • developed ocelli

- active in daytime

61
Q

3 differences of scorpions from spiders

A
  • big pincers on pedipalps for seizing and tearing prey
  • small pincers on chelicerae
  • stinger for defense
62
Q

3 characteristics of scorpions

A
  • nocturnal hunters
  • eyes not well developed
  • thought to have arisen from aquatic ancestors
63
Q

how do scorpions detect prey

A

feel body movements with body hairs, and ground vibrations with pectines

64
Q

4 steps to scorpion mating/repro

A
  • mating ritual dance
  • male drops a spermatophore and then dances F over it to int fert
  • direct development
  • parental care
65
Q

order acari

A

ticks, mites

66
Q

4 ways acari anatomy has been simplified (due to their small size)

A
  • no tagmata
  • often no segments
  • often no heart or resp syst
  • brain indistinct from other ganglion
67
Q

mite spp weird life history

A

single male fert all his sisters in the womb then born dead

68
Q

3 types of mites that are agri pests

A
  • spider mites
  • tracheal mires (honey bee colonies)
  • Varroa mite (honey bee nests
69
Q

4 mites who impact mammal health

A
  • scabies (mites drill under skin and leave itchy rashes)
  • mange and ear mites (domestic and wild animals)
  • dust allergy = allergy to proteins in mites feces
  • chigger mites leave itchy bites
70
Q

ticks vs mites

A

ticks are larger blood sucking versions

71
Q

6 diseases ticks can transmit to humans and domestic animals

A
  • lyme disease
  • tick paralysis
  • tape worms
  • nematodes
  • rocky mtn spotted feaver
  • typhus
72
Q

order opiliones = harvestmen =

A

daddy longlegs

73
Q

what don’t harvestmen have (2)

A
  • venom glands

- multiple tagmata

74
Q

how do daddy longlegs deter predation

A

repugnatorial glands

75
Q

female opiliones lay eggs thru

A

ovipositor

76
Q

pseudoscorpiones silk glands

A

at mouth, not butt

77
Q

pseudoscorpiones venom gland location

A

pincers

78
Q

do pseudoscorpiones have a stinger?

A

no

79
Q

solpugids jaws

A

munching (up and down) for hunting termites at night

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