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Invert Biology > Ch 17: Nematoda and Nematophora > Flashcards

Ch 17: Nematoda and Nematophora Flashcards

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1
Q

nematoda are ? and ?

A

free-living, tiny

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2
Q

5 features of nematodes

A
  • bilateral
  • triploblastic
  • complex cuticle
  • direct development
  • pseudocoelom
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3
Q

how many times does a nematode molt its cuticle?

A

4

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4
Q

what is the inter-molt stage called

A

an instar

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5
Q

how do nematodes grow?

A

mainly by increasing cell size rather than cell #

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6
Q

cuticle feat (2)

A
  • fibrous

- up to 9 layers thick

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7
Q

what forms the hydrostatic skeleton in nematodes?

A

fluid under high pressure pushing against the cuticle

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8
Q

what does it mean to have a pseudocoelom

A

not lined on the outside by medoderm

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9
Q

what does the internal pres require the gut to be

A

muscular

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10
Q

pharyngeal pump funct

A

drawing in liquids

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11
Q

all muscles are

A

longitudinal

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12
Q

how many nerve cords and in what direction

A

4 longitudinal

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13
Q

renette

A

a glandular system in marine spp that excretes salt

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14
Q

4 sensory structures

A
  • may detect light @ body wall
  • some spp have ocelli
  • touch via papillae and setae
  • chemosensory pits/amphids
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15
Q

sexes

A

separate; males have hooked tail

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16
Q

cloaca in males

A

genital and anal opening

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17
Q

fert is

A

internal

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18
Q

nematode range

A

abundant EVERYWHERE in pretty much every climate

19
Q

what do free-living nematodes eat (4)

A
  • bacteria
  • fungi
  • other nematodes
  • plants/crops
20
Q

stab prey w/ (2)

A
  • tooth-like mouth plates

- stylet (plants)

21
Q

5 “pre-adaptations” for a parasitic lifestyle

A
  • resistant cuticle
  • microphagus
  • small size
  • r-selected
  • internal fert
22
Q

where do pin worms develop into adults and feed?

A

human gut/large intestine

23
Q

how does pin worm reinfection occur?

A

scratching butt then putting hands in mouth - eggs laid near anus

24
Q

hookworms feed on ? in ?

A

blood, hosts gut

25
Q

at what stage do pinworms enter the host

A

eggs

26
Q

at what stage do hookworms enter the host

A

larva penetrates skin or enters w/ food

27
Q

how do hookworms enter the gut?

A

travel thru circ system until they enter the lungs and are coughed up, then re-swallowed back into the gut

28
Q

guinea worm in skin

A

causes an ulcer and opening in the skin

29
Q

how does the guinea worm complete its lifecycle

A

person goes to cool off in the w, then eggs are released

30
Q

filarial nematodes features (2)

A
  • thread-like

- vectored by biting flied (int host)

31
Q

4 filarial nematodes

A
  • elephantiasis
  • whipworm
  • river blindness
  • canine heartworm
32
Q

elephantiasis

A

blocking of the lymphatic vessels

33
Q

whipworm

A

adults feed on blood in intestine

34
Q

river blindness feat (2)

A
  • young worms damage the eyes

- vectored by infected black flies

35
Q

canine heartworm

A

vectored by mosquitoes

36
Q

ascaris (3)

A
  • large gut parasites
  • spread through dogs or pigs
  • migrating larva can damage organs
37
Q

trichinella (2)

A
  • tiny endoparasites

- burrowing of larvae can be fatal

38
Q

2 useful tids about nematodes

A
  • used in genetics

- biological insecticides

39
Q

nematomorpha

A

horsehair worms

40
Q

2 features of nematomorpha

A
  • gut degenerated in adults

- 2 longitudinal nerve cords

41
Q

adult is ? and ?

A

free-living, short lived

42
Q

larvae functs (3)

A
  • endoparasites of arthropods or leeches
  • live in host and absorb nutrients
  • enter hosts via stylets or hooks
43
Q

nematomorpha cause insanity

A

driving hosts to drown themselves to complete their lifecycle

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