Ch 8: Thinking, Lang, Intell Flashcards
All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating
Cognition
A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas or people
Concept
A mental image or best example of a category
Prototype
A methodical logical rule or procedure that guarantees you will solve a particular problem
Algorithm
A simple thinking strategy that often allows you to make a judgment and solve problems efficiently
Heuristic
A sudden realization of the solution to a problem; contrasts with strategy based solutions
Insight
A tendency to seek evidence for our ideas more eagerly than we seek evidence against them
Confirmation bias
The inability to see a problem from a new perspective
Fixation
Estimating how common an event is based on its mental availability; when an event comes readily to mind, we assume it must be common
Availability heuristic
The tendency to be more confident than correct (overestimate)
Overconfidence
Clinging to beliefs even after evidence has proven them wrong
Belief perseverance
The way an issue is posed; can significantly affect decisions and judgments
Framing
Narrowing the available solutions to determine the single best solution to a problem
Convergent thinking
Expanding the number of possible solutions to a problem; creative thinking that branches out in different directions
Divergent thinking
A general intelligence factor that underlies specific mental abilities and is measured by every task on an intelligence test; Spearman
General intelligence (g)
A condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill such as drawing
Savant syndrome
The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
Emotional intelligence
Our abilities are classified into 8 or 9 independent intelligences which include a broad range of skills beyond traditional school smarts
Gardners multiple intelligences
Our intelligence is best classified into three areas that predict real world success: analytical, creative, and practical
Sternbergs triarchic theory
A test designed to assess what a person has learned
Achievement test
A test designed to predict a persons future performance
Aptitude test
A measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the level of performance typically associated with children of a certain chronological age
Mental age
The widely used American revision of Binet’s original intelligence test (Terman at Stanford)
Stanford-Binet
The most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and nonverbal subtests
WAIS
Defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretreated group
Standardization
The extent to which a test yields consistent results
Reliability
The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
Validity
The portion of variation in a group that we can attribute to genes; may vary depending on population and environment
Heritability
Research in which people of different ages are compared with one another
Cross sectional study
Research in which the same people are testified and retested over a long time
Longitudinal study
Your accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age
Crystallized intelligence
Ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease with age
Fluid intelligence
The mental ability to learn from experience, solve problems and use knowledge in new situations
Intelligence
4 components of emotional intelligence
Perceiving, understanding, managing, and using emotions
