Ch 12 Flashcards
An individuals characteristic pattern of thinking feeling and acting
Personality
Symbolic representations of underlying traumatic experience
Symptoms
Memories that are available but not currently in awareness
Preconscious
Unconsciousness that operates on the pleasure principle and wish fulfillment; “devil”
Id
Operates using the reality principle; satisfies the id’s wishes in a way that will bring pleasure rather than pain
Ego
Part of the conscious personality that represents ideals and morals “angel”
Superego
The basic defense mechanism that banishes and disguises feelings and memories that arouse anxiety from consciousness
Repression
Channeling forbidden impulses into something acceptable DM
Sublimation
Channeling impulses into non threatening objects DM
Displacement
Refusing to accept certain facts exist DM
Denial
Acting in a manner opposite of impulses DM
Reaction formation
Over-rationalize; removing emotional content from an emotional idea DM
Intellectualization
Attributing unconscious impulses to people other than ourselves DM
Projection
A personality test designed to let a person respond to ambiguous stimuli, revealing hidden emotions
Projective Test
3 big ideas that survived Freud’s psychoanalytic theory
1) importance of childhood experiences 2)existence of the unconscious mind 3) our self protected defense mechanisms
Criticisms of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory
1) not empirical (scientifically testable) 2) focused too much on sexual conflicts in childhood 3) based on the idea of repression
Carl Roger’s Person Centered Perspective; people nurture our growth in three ways
Being genuine, being accepting, being empathetic
A caring, accepting, non judge mental attitude that Rogers believed would help people develop self awareness and self acceptance
Unconditional positive regard
All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves in answer to the questions “who am I?”
Self concept
Hysteria
Traumatic experiences are repressed (actively held in unconscious)
Humanistic theories
Maslow and Carl Rogers; shifted focus from disorders born out of dark conflicts to emphasizing ways that healthy people strive
What Freud and Humanistic theories have in common
Explaining how our personality develops; they focused on the forces that act upon us
Trait researchers
Led by Gordon Alport; are less concerned with explaining traits than describing them; define personality as stable and enduring patterns of behavior
Trait
A dimension of personality used to categorize people according to the degree to which they manifest a particular characteristic
Two assumptions of trait theories
1) stability over time
2) stability across situations
Big five factors
Conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, extraversion
Conscientiousness
Organized, careful, disciplined
Personality traits are weak predictors of a person’s behavior; it only predicts behavior across many different situations
Person situation controversy
Overestimating others’ noticing and evaluating our appearances and performances
Spotlight effect
Our feelings of high or low self worth
Self esteem
Feelings of self that change; situation based
Self worth
Our readiness to perceive ourselves favorably
Self serving bias
Giving priority to our own goals over group goals and defining our identity in terms of personal traits rather than membership
Individualism
Giving priority to goals of the group
Collectivism
Neuroticism
Nervousness; emotional instability
Agreeableness
Affection, trusting
Openness
Originality; open mindedness
Extraversion
Energy; enthusiasm
