Ch 1 Flashcards
view that psychology should be an objective science 2) that studies behavior w/o reference to mental processes
behaviorism
historically important perspective that emphasizes human growth potential
humanistic psychology
the study of mental processes of how we perceive, process, and remember info
cognitive psychology
the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with mental activity (perception, thinking and memory)
cognitive neuroscience
the science of behavior and mental processes
psychology
critical thinking, biopsychosocial approach, two track mind, exploring. human strengths
4 big ideas in psychology
established the first psychology lab; created a machine to measure how long it took people to press a telegraph key after hearing a ball drop
Wilhelm Wundt
One of the first recognized American psychologists; wrote the first psychology book
William James
1st woman president of the APA; taught by William James
Mary Whiton Calkins
Emphasized unconscious thought process and our emotional responses to childhood experiences; famous for the psychodynamic approach; psychotherapy
Sigmund Freud
approach to psychology that deals with unconscious; Free Association
Psychodynamic Approach
Approach form 1920-30; psychology should be about only what we observe; “black box”; BF Skinner, Pavlov
Behavioral approach
Approach to psychology that people have a choice on how they respond; a more positive approach; western culture; 1950-60; Carl Rodgers
Humanistic Approach
Approach to psychology; How we think; way different than Behavioral; open the black box
Cognitive approach
approach to psychology; What is the brain doing? Biological + physiological
Cognitive Neuroscience Approach
Key elements of scientific attitude
Curiosity, Skepticism, Humility
perspective matters (blind men each touching the elephant); different pets of the truth
complementary perspective
PCP: how the brain and body enable emotions, memories and sensory experiences
Neuroscience
PCP: how the selection of traits passed down from one generation promotes the survival of genes
evolutionary
PCP: how our genes and environment influence our individual differences
behavioral genetics
PCP: how behavior springs from unconscious drives
Psychodynamic
PCP: how we learn observable responses
Behavioral
PCP: how we encode, process and store and retrieve info
Cognitive
PCP: how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures
Social Cultural
American psychologist who thought psychology must be the scientific study of observable behavior. Led to behaviorism in 1920s
John B Watson
helped pioneer the behavioral approach in the 1920s with John B Watson
BF Skinner
a carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research study. EX sleep deprived may be defined as 2 hours of sleep or less
operational definition
an explanation using principles that organize observations and predict behaviors or events
theory
Components of a good theory:
effectively organizes, leads to clear predictions, allows replicating
a testable prediction often implied by a theory
hypothesis
an approach that integrates different but complementary views from biological, psychological, and social cultural views
bio psychological approach
principle that our mind processes info at the same time on separate conscious and unconscious tracks
dual processing
limits of intuition
hindsight bias, overconfidence, perceived order of random events
descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth
case study
a descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations w/o trying to change or control a situation
naturalistic observation
measure of the extent to which two events vary together and how well one predicts the other
correlation
exploring the links between brain and mind
biological psychologists
studying our changing abilities from womb to tomb
developmental psychologists
experimenting with how we think perceive and solve problems
cognitive psychologists
investigating our persistent traits
personality psychologists
exploring how we view and affect one another
social psychologists
helping people cope with personal and career challenges by recognizing strengths and resources
counseling psychologists
investigating psychological, biological and behavioral factors that promote or impair our health
health psychologists
assessing and treating people with mental emotional and behavior disorders
clinical psychologists
studying and advising on workplace related behaviors and system
industrial organizational
working to create social and physical environments that are healthy for all
community psychologists
