Ch. 8 - Ground Ladders (NEW TEST) Flashcards
1
Q
Effective fireground operations often depend on the timely and adequate placement of ground ladders to facilitate: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A
Rescue
Ventilation
Initiation of aboveground hose lines
Access to upper floors and potential exposures
Emergency egress
Bridging
Salvage
2
Q
Ladders are constructed in two different manners:
____________ construction
____________ construction
A
Solid beam
Truss block
3
Q
(Solid Beam Construction)
Generally used for straight ladders and extension ladders _______________.
A
Under 35 feet long
4
Q
The advantages of solid beam construction are:
- __________________
- Very strong
A
Lighter weight for shorter (less than 35 feet) ladders
5
Q
Truss beams are used for ladders ______________.
A
Over 35 feet in length
6
Q
The advantages of truss beam construction are:
- _________ strength and stability for tall ladders
- _________ weight in ladders ____________.
A
Greater
Decreased
Over 35 feet long
7
Q
The disadvantages of metal ladders are:
- ___________________________________
- Can fail suddenly from annealing when exposed to heat or flames as low as _______.
- Heat stress damage may be difficult to identify - you must inspect the heat label.
- Galling
A
Good conductor of heat, cold and electricity
200 degrees F
8
Q
Weight Comparison of Ladders
Metal 14’ Roof \_\_\_\_\_ 16’ Roof \_\_\_\_\_ 20’ Extension \_\_\_\_\_ 24’ Extension \_\_\_\_\_ 28’ Extension \_\_\_\_\_ 35’ Extension \_\_\_\_\_ 10’ Folding \_\_\_\_\_
A
14’ Roof = 42 lbs. 16’ Roof = 48 lbs. 20’ Extension = 66 lbs. 24’ Extension = 75 lbs. 28’ Extension = 114 lbs. 35’ Extension = 170 lbs. 10’ Folding = 14 lbs.
9
Q
(Straight Ladder)
A _______ length ladder
A
Fixed
10
Q
(Straight Ladder)
Range from _________
A
12’ to 20’
11
Q
(Straight Ladder)
Per NFPA 1931, must have a ________ maximum load rating
A
750 lb.
12
Q
(Straight Ladder)
Used for _________________.
A
Quick access, ventilation, and escapes
13
Q
(Straight Ladder)
Generally capable of reaching __________________________________.
A
1st and 2nd story windows or single story roofs
14
Q
(Extension Ladder)
Two or more ladders operating as ________.
A
A unit
15
Q
(Extension Ladder)
_________ in length.
A
Adjustable
16
Q
(Extension Ladder)
May have ___________ fly ladders/sections.
A
Two or more
17
Q
(Extension Ladder)
Per NFPA 1931, must have a ______ maximum load rating.
A
750 lb.
18
Q
(Extension Ladder)
Ladder ranges in length from __________.
A
12 to 40 feet
19
Q
(Extension Ladder)
Generally capable of reaching ____________________________________.
A
2nd and 3rd story windows or 2nd story roofs
20
Q
(Bangor Ladder)
An extension ladder over ______ in length.
A
40 feet
21
Q
(Bangor Ladder)
Per NFPA 1931, must have a ______ maximum load rating.
A
750 lb.
22
Q
(Bangor Ladder)
Equipped with ____________ for raising and stabilizing.
A
Stay/tormentor poles
23
Q
(Bangor Ladder)
Tormentor poles are ____ used to support the ladder in an upright position.
A
Not
24
Q
(Bangor Ladder)
These ladders require ___________ to raise them due to weight and length.
A
4-6 people
25
(Roof Ladder)
Straight ladder with ______________ at tip.
Retractable hooks
26
(Roof Ladder)
Usually found in lengths from ________ long.
12-24 feet
27
(Roof Ladder)
Per NFPA 1931, must have a ____ maximum load rating.
750 lb.
28
(Roof Ladder)
These ladders/hooks are ________ for use in a hanging ladder position.
Not designed
29
(Folding/Attic Ladder)
There are three types:
_________: Also know as an attic, scissor, or closet ladder
_________: Two section extension ladder with no halyard
_________
Folding
Fresno Ladder
A-frame step ladder
30
(Folding/Attic Ladder)
Available in lengths from _______
8’ to 16’
31
(Folding/Attic Ladder)
As per NFPA 1931 must have a _____ maximum load rating.
300 lb.
32
(A-Frame Combination Ladder)
As per NFPA 1931 must have a ____ maximum load rating.
750 lb.
33
(A-Frame Combination Ladder)
Can be used as a:
___________________________________
Step ladder, attic ladder, short extension ladder
34
(Pompier Ladder)
This is no longer an __________ ladder.
Approved
35
(Pompier Ladder)
NFPA 1931 requires a _____ maximum load rating.
300 lb.
36
Several factors dictate the proper selection of ladders: (11)
```
Ground conditions
Height needed
Quick method
Purpose of access
Slope of ground
Accessibility of the location
Available personnel
Overhead obstructions
Raising/climbing space considerations
Stability
Building construction
```
37
(Ladder Selection, Height Needed)
Residential floors are approx. _____ in height.
Windowsill height is approx. _______________.
8-10’
3 feet above the floor
38
(Ladder Selection, Height Needed)
Commercial floors are approx. ______ in height.
Windowsill height is approx. ___________.
10-12’
4 feet above the floor
39
(Ladder Selection)
What method is the following rule?
10 feet per floor:
For rescue: -2’
For roof access: +8’
Quick Method
40
(Ladder Selection)
What method is the following?
Ventilation:
- Breaking glass
- Ladder as a tool to break glass
Rescue: may necessitate multiple placement of the same ladder
Suppression
Purpose of access
41
(Ladder Selection)
What method is the following?
The slope of the ground around a structure may effect placement
Excessively steep grades will make safe angles difficult to achieve
Slope of ground
42
(Ladder Selection)
What method is the following?
Can you get it there? Portability through passageways to the read or sides, and around obstacles.
Accessibility of the location
43
(Ladder Selection)
What method is the following?
- How much manpower is available to throw ground ladders
- Largest ladders, requiring the most personnel should be ______________.
Available personnel
Positioned first
44
(Ladder Selection)
What method is the following?
Electrical wires
Porch overhangs
Fascias
Tree limbs, clotheslines, signs etc
Overhead obstructions
45
(Ladder Selection)
What method is the following?
“Tip arc” clearance will be necessary for raising the ladder
The ladder may have to be raised first and then carried to the location vertically
Raising/climbing space considerations
46
(Ladder Selection)
What method is the following?
How stable is the structure that we are laddering?
Is the surface that the tip is being rested on strong enough?
Stability
47
(Ladder Selection)
What method is the following?
Openings - over doorways, windows
Corners - strongest part of the structure, avoids doorways and windows, easily visible for crew operating on the roof
Building construction
48
Ladders can be placed for a variety of tasks:
- _________________
- _________________
- _________________
- _________________
- _________________
- Rescue
- Ventilation
- Entry/Egress
- Victim Removal
- Suppression
49
The removal/rescue of victims from structures on fire over ladders is one of the most __________ jobs on the fire ground
dangerous
50
(Ladder placement for rescue from windows)
Tip of the ladder ___________ the windowsill
at or below
51
(Ladder placement for rescue from windows)
Climbing angle should be _______ degrees.
65-70
52
(Ladder placement for rescue from windows)
At a ______ degree climbing angle the ladder is easy to climb and the movement of unconscious victims will be easier due to the victim’s weight placement on the ladder.
65-70
53
(Ladder placement for rescue from windows using ropes)
Tip of the ladder _______________ to facilitate removing victims from the structure beneath the ladder using ropes and pulleys
above the window
54
(Ladder placement for fire escapes, single fire escapes)
For single fire escapes the tip of the ladder should be approximately ____________ the fire escape handrail.
one foot above
55
(Ladder placement for fire escapes, single fire escapes)
Try to ladder the ______ side of the fire escape to make mounting/dismounting the ladder easier.
long
56
(Ladder placement for fire escapes, multiple level fire escapes)
Position the appropriate ladder _________ of the fire escape ____________.
to the side
against the building
57
(Ladder placement for fire escapes, multiple level fire escapes)
Try to place the ladder as _______ to the fire escape as possible to prevent firefighters and victims from having to reach/stretch for the ladder.
close
58
(Ladder placement for rescue from roofs, Unconscious Victims)
The tip of the ladder should be positioned _________ the top of the wall or roofline depending upon the building design
even with
59
(Ladder placement for rescue from roofs, Conscious Victims)
The tip of the ladder should be positioned _________________ the roofline
at least 5 rungs above
60
(Ventilation through windows)
The tip of the ladder should be at least ____________ of the window frame. The entire ladder should be positioned on the _________ side of the window
even with the top
windward
61
(Roof top ventilation)
Ladders should be placed ____________ at the strongest point of the roof with the tip of the ladder at least _________ above the roofline.
away from the fire
3 to 5 rungs
62
(Roof top ventilation)
A _____________ at a remote location should also be raised to the roof to provide crews a ________________.
second ladder
second means of egress
63
(Firefighter Entry/Egress through windows)
Placement of ladders to windows for firefighter entry/egress will depend on several factors:
- ______________
- ______________
Size of window opening
| Reason for entry/egress
64
(Firefighter Entry/Egress through windows)
Ladders placed for advancing hose lines should be positioned in the ________________, with the tip of the ladder __________________ the windowsill.
center of the window
even with or slightly below
65
(Firefighter Entry/Egress through windows)
Ladders placed for VES (Vent, Enter, Search) should be placed in the ______________ with the tip__________________ the windowsill.
center of the window
even with or slightly below
66
(Suppression)
Ladders placed to windows for fire suppression, without entry, should be positioned in the _______________ with the tip of the ladder at least ____________________.
center of the window
even with the top of the window
67
(Ladder Safety, Overhead Conditions)
What are four overhead conditions to be aware of?
- ______________
- Overhangs
- Fire Escapes
- Fascias, etc.
Electrical lines
68
(Ladder Safety, Overhead Conditions)
Keep all ladders at least ____ from electrical lines.
10’
69
(Ladder Safety, Building conditions)
Place ladders near the ______________. Corners are stronger and easy to identify from rooftops and ground level
corners of buildings
70
(Ladder Safety, Climbing Conditions)
Proper climbing angle for ground ladders is 65-75 degrees. This angle provides the greatest strength for the ladder and allows firefighters to climb in an _____________.
upright manner
71
(Ladder Safety, Climbing Conditions)
Perform a six point check before climbing the ladder:
- ______________
- ______________
- ______________
- ______________
- ______________
- ______________
- Heels are secure
- Halyard is tied
- Proper climbing angle
- Someone is footing/heeling the ladder
- Dogs appear to be locked
- Tip is clear of obstructions and secure
72
(Loading Conditions)
Firefighters should not position themselves closer than _____________ while operating on ladders.
10 feet apart
73
(Climbing/Operating from a ladder)
Use ___________ when appropriate.
Leg/arm locks
74
(Moving a positioned ladder)
____________ any ladder that has already been positioned for another purpose until you have verified that the ladder is no longer in use.
Do not move
75
(Inspecting Ladders)
Ladders should be inspected and cleaned ____________ and on a _____________.
after each use
monthly basis
76
(Inspecting Ladders)
Check halyard ropes/cables for __________.
Undue wear
77
(Inspecting Ladders)
Check heat sensor labels for _________ and __________.
Presence
| Condition
78
(Inspecting Ladders)
Check for ____________ which are cause for repair or replacement.
Cracks or gouges
79
(Inspecting Ladders)
Make sure the rungs are secure and have _________________.
No movement
80
(Extension ladder inspection guidelines)
Make sure halyard rope/cable is not _____________________.
Knotted, kinked, or worn
81
(Extension ladder inspection guidelines)
Make sure there is no ____________ play in the halyard.
Excessive
82
(Extension ladder inspection guidelines)
Ensure that fly ladders operate and slide _________ in their channels.
Freely
83
(Extension ladder inspection guidelines)
In the bedded and extended positions, ensure all ______________ when dogs engage.
rungs line up
84
(Cleaning Ladders)
On a _____________ and/or after ___________.
Monthly basis
Every use
85
(Cleaning Ladders)
With ______________ and a _____________ and/or proper ________ if tar and excess grease are present.
Warm soapy water
Firm bristled scrub brush
Solvents
86
(Ladder Selection Considerations)
_________________
```
Soft
Hard
Muddy
Gravel
Concrete
Slippery
```
Ground Conditions
87
(Ladder Selection Considerations)
_________________
Single height
Multiple heights
Residential floors are 8-10” in height
—Window sill are approx. 3 feet above the floor
Commercial floor height is approx. 10-12” in height
—Window sills are approx. 4 feet above the floor
Height Needed
88
(Ladder Selection Considerations)
_________________
10 feet per floor:
—for rescue: -2’
—for roof access: +8’
Example - 3rd floor story roof access, 30’+8’=38’ —> Need 40’ ladder
Example - 2nd story window for rescue,
20’-2’=18’ —> Need 20-24’ ladder
Quick Method
89
(Ladder Selection Considerations)
_________________
Ventilation
—breaking glass
—ladder as a tool to break glass
Rescue: may necessitate multiple placement of the same ladder
Suppression
Purpose of Access
90
(Ladder Selection Considerations)
_________________
The slope of the ground around a structure may effect placement
Excessively steep grades will make safe angles difficult to achieve
Slopes may take away from the working height of the ladder
Slope of Ground
91
(Ladder Selection Considerations)
_________________
Can you get it there?
Portability through passageways to the rear or sides, and around obstacles
Accessibility of the Location
92
(Ladder Selection Considerations)
_________________
How much manpower is available to throw ground ladders?
The largest ladders, requiring the most personnel should be positioned first
Available Personnel
93
(Ladder Selection Considerations)
_________________
Electrical wires
Porch overhangs
Fascias
Tree limbs, clotheslines, signs, etc.
Overhead Obstructions
94
(Ladder Selection Considerations)
_________________
“Tip arc” clearance will be necessary for raising the ladder
The ladder may have to be raised first and then carried to the location vertically
Raising/Climbing Space Considerations
95
(Ladder Selection Considerations)
_________________
* How stable is the structure that we are laddering?
* Is the surface that the tip is being rested on strong enough?
Stability
96
(Ladder Selection Considerations)
_________________
Openings- Over doorways, windows
Corners- Strongest part of the structure, avoids doorways and windows, easily visible for crews operating on the roof
Building Construction
