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Fire Academy > Ch. 8 - Ground Ladders (NEW TEST) > Flashcards

Ch. 8 - Ground Ladders (NEW TEST) Flashcards

1
Q 
Effective fireground operations often depend on the timely and adequate placement of ground ladders to facilitate:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

Rescue

Ventilation

Initiation of aboveground hose lines

Access to upper floors and potential exposures

Emergency egress

Bridging

Salvage

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2
Q

Ladders are constructed in two different manners:

____________ construction
____________ construction

A

Solid beam

Truss block

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3
Q

(Solid Beam Construction)

Generally used for straight ladders and extension ladders _______________.

A

Under 35 feet long

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4
Q

The advantages of solid beam construction are:

  • __________________
  • Very strong
A

Lighter weight for shorter (less than 35 feet) ladders

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5
Q

Truss beams are used for ladders ______________.

A

Over 35 feet in length

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6
Q

The advantages of truss beam construction are:

  • _________ strength and stability for tall ladders
  • _________ weight in ladders ____________.
A

Greater

Decreased
Over 35 feet long

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7
Q

The disadvantages of metal ladders are:

  • ___________________________________
  • Can fail suddenly from annealing when exposed to heat or flames as low as _______.
  • Heat stress damage may be difficult to identify - you must inspect the heat label.
  • Galling
A

Good conductor of heat, cold and electricity

200 degrees F

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8
Q

Weight Comparison of Ladders

Metal
14’ Roof \_\_\_\_\_
16’ Roof \_\_\_\_\_ 
20’ Extension \_\_\_\_\_
24’ Extension \_\_\_\_\_
28’ Extension \_\_\_\_\_
35’ Extension \_\_\_\_\_
10’ Folding \_\_\_\_\_
A 
14’ Roof = 42 lbs.
16’ Roof = 48 lbs.
20’ Extension = 66 lbs.
24’ Extension = 75 lbs.
28’ Extension = 114 lbs.
35’ Extension = 170 lbs.
10’ Folding = 14 lbs.
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9
Q

(Straight Ladder)

A _______ length ladder

A

Fixed

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10
Q

(Straight Ladder)

Range from _________

A

12’ to 20’

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11
Q

(Straight Ladder)

Per NFPA 1931, must have a ________ maximum load rating

A

750 lb.

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12
Q

(Straight Ladder)

Used for _________________.

A

Quick access, ventilation, and escapes

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13
Q

(Straight Ladder)

Generally capable of reaching __________________________________.

A

1st and 2nd story windows or single story roofs

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14
Q

(Extension Ladder)

Two or more ladders operating as ________.

A

A unit

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15
Q

(Extension Ladder)

_________ in length.

A

Adjustable

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16
Q

(Extension Ladder)

May have ___________ fly ladders/sections.

A

Two or more

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17
Q

(Extension Ladder)

Per NFPA 1931, must have a ______ maximum load rating.

A

750 lb.

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18
Q

(Extension Ladder)

Ladder ranges in length from __________.

A

12 to 40 feet

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19
Q

(Extension Ladder)

Generally capable of reaching ____________________________________.

A

2nd and 3rd story windows or 2nd story roofs

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20
Q

(Bangor Ladder)

An extension ladder over ______ in length.

A

40 feet

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21
Q

(Bangor Ladder)

Per NFPA 1931, must have a ______ maximum load rating.

A

750 lb.

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22
Q

(Bangor Ladder)

Equipped with ____________ for raising and stabilizing.

A

Stay/tormentor poles

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23
Q

(Bangor Ladder)

Tormentor poles are ____ used to support the ladder in an upright position.

A

Not

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24
Q

(Bangor Ladder)

These ladders require ___________ to raise them due to weight and length.

A

4-6 people

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25
Q

(Roof Ladder)

Straight ladder with ______________ at tip.

A

Retractable hooks

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26
Q

(Roof Ladder)

Usually found in lengths from ________ long.

A

12-24 feet

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27
Q

(Roof Ladder)

Per NFPA 1931, must have a ____ maximum load rating.

A

750 lb.

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28
Q

(Roof Ladder)

These ladders/hooks are ________ for use in a hanging ladder position.

A

Not designed

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29
Q

(Folding/Attic Ladder)

There are three types:
_________: Also know as an attic, scissor, or closet ladder
_________: Two section extension ladder with no halyard
_________

A

Folding

Fresno Ladder

A-frame step ladder

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30
Q

(Folding/Attic Ladder)

Available in lengths from _______

A

8’ to 16’

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31
Q

(Folding/Attic Ladder)

As per NFPA 1931 must have a _____ maximum load rating.

A

300 lb.

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32
Q

(A-Frame Combination Ladder)

As per NFPA 1931 must have a ____ maximum load rating.

A

750 lb.

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33
Q

(A-Frame Combination Ladder)

Can be used as a:
___________________________________

A

Step ladder, attic ladder, short extension ladder

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34
Q

(Pompier Ladder)

This is no longer an __________ ladder.

A

Approved

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35
Q

(Pompier Ladder)

NFPA 1931 requires a _____ maximum load rating.

A

300 lb.

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36
Q

Several factors dictate the proper selection of ladders: (11)

A 
Ground conditions
Height needed
Quick method
Purpose of access
Slope of ground
Accessibility of the location
Available personnel
Overhead obstructions
Raising/climbing space considerations
Stability 
Building construction
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37
Q

(Ladder Selection, Height Needed)

Residential floors are approx. _____ in height.

Windowsill height is approx. _______________.

A

8-10’

3 feet above the floor

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38
Q

(Ladder Selection, Height Needed)

Commercial floors are approx. ______ in height.

Windowsill height is approx. ___________.

A

10-12’

4 feet above the floor

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39
Q

(Ladder Selection)

What method is the following rule?

10 feet per floor:
For rescue: -2’
For roof access: +8’

A

Quick Method

40
Q

(Ladder Selection)

What method is the following?

Ventilation:

  • Breaking glass
  • Ladder as a tool to break glass

Rescue: may necessitate multiple placement of the same ladder

Suppression

A

Purpose of access

41
Q

(Ladder Selection)

What method is the following?

The slope of the ground around a structure may effect placement

Excessively steep grades will make safe angles difficult to achieve

A

Slope of ground

42
Q

(Ladder Selection)

What method is the following?

Can you get it there? Portability through passageways to the read or sides, and around obstacles.

A

Accessibility of the location

43
Q

(Ladder Selection)

What method is the following?

  • How much manpower is available to throw ground ladders
  • Largest ladders, requiring the most personnel should be ______________.
A

Available personnel

Positioned first

44
Q

(Ladder Selection)

What method is the following?

Electrical wires
Porch overhangs
Fascias
Tree limbs, clotheslines, signs etc

A

Overhead obstructions

45
Q

(Ladder Selection)

What method is the following?

“Tip arc” clearance will be necessary for raising the ladder

The ladder may have to be raised first and then carried to the location vertically

A

Raising/climbing space considerations

46
Q

(Ladder Selection)

What method is the following?

How stable is the structure that we are laddering?

Is the surface that the tip is being rested on strong enough?

A

Stability

47
Q

(Ladder Selection)

What method is the following?

Openings - over doorways, windows
Corners - strongest part of the structure, avoids doorways and windows, easily visible for crew operating on the roof

A

Building construction

48
Q

Ladders can be placed for a variety of tasks:

  • _________________
  • _________________
  • _________________
  • _________________
  • _________________
A
  • Rescue
  • Ventilation
  • Entry/Egress
  • Victim Removal
  • Suppression
49
Q

The removal/rescue of victims from structures on fire over ladders is one of the most __________ jobs on the fire ground

A

dangerous

50
Q

(Ladder placement for rescue from windows)

Tip of the ladder ___________ the windowsill

A

at or below

51
Q

(Ladder placement for rescue from windows)

Climbing angle should be _______ degrees.

A

65-70

52
Q

(Ladder placement for rescue from windows)

At a ______ degree climbing angle the ladder is easy to climb and the movement of unconscious victims will be easier due to the victim’s weight placement on the ladder.

A

65-70

53
Q

(Ladder placement for rescue from windows using ropes)

Tip of the ladder _______________ to facilitate removing victims from the structure beneath the ladder using ropes and pulleys

A

above the window

54
Q

(Ladder placement for fire escapes, single fire escapes)

For single fire escapes the tip of the ladder should be approximately ____________ the fire escape handrail.

A

one foot above

55
Q

(Ladder placement for fire escapes, single fire escapes)

Try to ladder the ______ side of the fire escape to make mounting/dismounting the ladder easier.

A

long

56
Q

(Ladder placement for fire escapes, multiple level fire escapes)

Position the appropriate ladder _________ of the fire escape ____________.

A

to the side

against the building

57
Q

(Ladder placement for fire escapes, multiple level fire escapes)

Try to place the ladder as _______ to the fire escape as possible to prevent firefighters and victims from having to reach/stretch for the ladder.

A

close

58
Q

(Ladder placement for rescue from roofs, Unconscious Victims)

The tip of the ladder should be positioned _________ the top of the wall or roofline depending upon the building design

A

even with

59
Q

(Ladder placement for rescue from roofs, Conscious Victims)

The tip of the ladder should be positioned _________________ the roofline

A

at least 5 rungs above

60
Q

(Ventilation through windows)

The tip of the ladder should be at least ____________ of the window frame. The entire ladder should be positioned on the _________ side of the window

A

even with the top

windward

61
Q

(Roof top ventilation)

Ladders should be placed ____________ at the strongest point of the roof with the tip of the ladder at least _________ above the roofline.

A

away from the fire

3 to 5 rungs

62
Q

(Roof top ventilation)

A _____________ at a remote location should also be raised to the roof to provide crews a ________________.

A

second ladder

second means of egress

63
Q

(Firefighter Entry/Egress through windows)

Placement of ladders to windows for firefighter entry/egress will depend on several factors:

  • ______________
  • ______________
A

Size of window opening

Reason for entry/egress

64
Q

(Firefighter Entry/Egress through windows)

Ladders placed for advancing hose lines should be positioned in the ________________, with the tip of the ladder __________________ the windowsill.

A

center of the window

even with or slightly below

65
Q

(Firefighter Entry/Egress through windows)

Ladders placed for VES (Vent, Enter, Search) should be placed in the ______________ with the tip__________________ the windowsill.

A

center of the window

even with or slightly below

66
Q

(Suppression)

Ladders placed to windows for fire suppression, without entry, should be positioned in the _______________ with the tip of the ladder at least ____________________.

A

center of the window

even with the top of the window

67
Q

(Ladder Safety, Overhead Conditions)

What are four overhead conditions to be aware of?

  • ______________
  • Overhangs
  • Fire Escapes
  • Fascias, etc.
A

Electrical lines

68
Q

(Ladder Safety, Overhead Conditions)

Keep all ladders at least ____ from electrical lines.

A

10’

69
Q

(Ladder Safety, Building conditions)

Place ladders near the ______________. Corners are stronger and easy to identify from rooftops and ground level

A

corners of buildings

70
Q

(Ladder Safety, Climbing Conditions)

Proper climbing angle for ground ladders is 65-75 degrees. This angle provides the greatest strength for the ladder and allows firefighters to climb in an _____________.

A

upright manner

71
Q

(Ladder Safety, Climbing Conditions)

Perform a six point check before climbing the ladder:

  • ______________
  • ______________
  • ______________
  • ______________
  • ______________
  • ______________
A
  • Heels are secure
  • Halyard is tied
  • Proper climbing angle
  • Someone is footing/heeling the ladder
  • Dogs appear to be locked
  • Tip is clear of obstructions and secure
72
Q

(Loading Conditions)

Firefighters should not position themselves closer than _____________ while operating on ladders.

A

10 feet apart

73
Q

(Climbing/Operating from a ladder)

Use ___________ when appropriate.

A

Leg/arm locks

74
Q

(Moving a positioned ladder)

____________ any ladder that has already been positioned for another purpose until you have verified that the ladder is no longer in use.

A

Do not move

75
Q

(Inspecting Ladders)

Ladders should be inspected and cleaned ____________ and on a _____________.

A

after each use

monthly basis

76
Q

(Inspecting Ladders)

Check halyard ropes/cables for __________.

A

Undue wear

77
Q

(Inspecting Ladders)

Check heat sensor labels for _________ and __________.

A

Presence

Condition

78
Q

(Inspecting Ladders)

Check for ____________ which are cause for repair or replacement.

A

Cracks or gouges

79
Q

(Inspecting Ladders)

Make sure the rungs are secure and have _________________.

A

No movement

80
Q

(Extension ladder inspection guidelines)

Make sure halyard rope/cable is not _____________________.

A

Knotted, kinked, or worn

81
Q

(Extension ladder inspection guidelines)

Make sure there is no ____________ play in the halyard.

A

Excessive

82
Q

(Extension ladder inspection guidelines)

Ensure that fly ladders operate and slide _________ in their channels.

A

Freely

83
Q

(Extension ladder inspection guidelines)

In the bedded and extended positions, ensure all ______________ when dogs engage.

A

rungs line up

84
Q

(Cleaning Ladders)

On a _____________ and/or after ___________.

A

Monthly basis

Every use

85
Q

(Cleaning Ladders)

With ______________ and a _____________ and/or proper ________ if tar and excess grease are present.

A

Warm soapy water

Firm bristled scrub brush

Solvents

86
Q

(Ladder Selection Considerations)

_________________

Soft
Hard
Muddy 
Gravel
Concrete
Slippery
A

Ground Conditions

87
Q

(Ladder Selection Considerations)

_________________

Single height
Multiple heights
Residential floors are 8-10” in height
—Window sill are approx. 3 feet above the floor
Commercial floor height is approx. 10-12” in height
—Window sills are approx. 4 feet above the floor

A

Height Needed

88
Q

(Ladder Selection Considerations)

_________________

10 feet per floor:
—for rescue: -2’
—for roof access: +8’

Example - 3rd floor story roof access, 30’+8’=38’ —> Need 40’ ladder

Example - 2nd story window for rescue,
20’-2’=18’ —> Need 20-24’ ladder

A

Quick Method

89
Q

(Ladder Selection Considerations)

_________________

Ventilation
—breaking glass
—ladder as a tool to break glass
Rescue: may necessitate multiple placement of the same ladder

Suppression

A

Purpose of Access

90
Q

(Ladder Selection Considerations)

_________________

The slope of the ground around a structure may effect placement

Excessively steep grades will make safe angles difficult to achieve

Slopes may take away from the working height of the ladder

A

Slope of Ground

91
Q

(Ladder Selection Considerations)

_________________

Can you get it there?

Portability through passageways to the rear or sides, and around obstacles

A

Accessibility of the Location

92
Q

(Ladder Selection Considerations)

_________________

How much manpower is available to throw ground ladders?

The largest ladders, requiring the most personnel should be positioned first

A

Available Personnel

93
Q

(Ladder Selection Considerations)

_________________

Electrical wires
Porch overhangs
Fascias
Tree limbs, clotheslines, signs, etc.

A

Overhead Obstructions

94
Q

(Ladder Selection Considerations)

_________________

“Tip arc” clearance will be necessary for raising the ladder

The ladder may have to be raised first and then carried to the location vertically

A

Raising/Climbing Space Considerations

95
Q

(Ladder Selection Considerations)

_________________

  • How stable is the structure that we are laddering?
  • Is the surface that the tip is being rested on strong enough?
A

Stability

96
Q

(Ladder Selection Considerations)

_________________

Openings- Over doorways, windows

Corners- Strongest part of the structure, avoids doorways and windows, easily visible for crews operating on the roof

A

Building Construction

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