Ch. 15 - Overhaul, … (TEST 5) Flashcards
Salvage and Overhaul
“…_____________________”
“…And Protect His Property”
The total loss accruing from a structure fire is the result of two factors:
Direct Loss: Damage caused by __________ and the ______________ of combustion.
Indirect Loss: Damage caused by the operations used to ______________.
heat, fire
by-products
control the fire
Salvage is a part of ______________.
suppression
A common indicator of a fire departments commitment to professionalism is its approach to __________________ and the service provided to its customers.
minimizing loss
Proper salvage and overhaul work is one of the ______________ means of building public good will.
most valuable
Appropriate priorities from a size-up is simplified with a basic knowledge of:
- ___________
- ___________
- ___________
- ___________
- ___________
- ___________
- ___________
- ___________
- ___________
- Pre-fire Planning
- Contaminants
- Building Factors
- Building Features
- Contents
- Origin
- Equipment
- Salvage Priorities
- Salvage Operations
___________
-Fragilestock
-Baled goods
-Basement drains and sump pumps
—Presence/absence
—Location
-Floor drains and scuppers
-Sprinkler system valves
-Watertight floors
-Materials stored on the floor in cardboard boxes
-Stock not on pallets
-Cabinets/lockerswithopentops
-Water reactive materials
Pre-fire planning
____________
Damage that is done by water, smoke and heat
Contaminants
________________
•Construction styles —•Conventional vs. lightweight •Construction Features —•Type and construction of: –Floors –Walls –Ceilings and floors –Roofs
Building Factors
_______________
• Building size and height •Type of occupancy •Misc. –Floor drains –Sump pumps –Sprinkler shut-offs –Windows and doors –Vertical shafts –Scuppers –Stairways
Building Features
____________
•Water reactive materials •Absorbent materials •Easily damaged materials –Electronics –Papers and Valuables –Furniture and belongings
Contents
__________
•Origin of the problem –Leaking pipe –Broken sprinkler head –Water accumulation –Products of Combustion or Suppression
Origin
_____________
There are numerous tools and equipment used during salvage operations. Firefighters should be familiar with these tools/equipment and their uses.
Equipment
___________
Proper ________ Operations is the signature of professionalism and shows the citizens that we take seriously our oath to protect their lives and property.
Salvage
There are numerous tools and equipment used during salvage operations. Firefighters should be familiar with these tools/equipment and their uses.
____________
PPE
The use of _______ cannot be over emphasized.
PPE
Proper attire for salvage operations should include:
- ________________
- ________________
- ________________
- ________________
- ________________
- Full turnout gear (optional depending on conditions)
- Boots
- Gloves
- Helmet
- SCBA when appropriate
Ladders of varying lengths may be used in conjunction with salvage covers or rolled plastic and pike
poles to ____________________.
accumulate or divert water
(Hose)
Can be use to _________________________ water.
channel, temporarily contain and divert
Channel Locks:
- _______________________
- _______________________
- _______________________
- _______________________
- Used to remove fittings
- Pinch off tubing
- Turn stubborn shut off valves
- Channel Locks are a good general purpose tool
Salvage Covers:
Constructed of _____________________ with reinforced edge seams and grommets for hanging and/or draping the covers.
waterproofed canvas or vinyl
Salvage Covers:
Used to _______________ materials from water damage, channel water and/or to _________________.
- cover and protect
- form catch basins
Floor Runners:
Constructed of either _________________ or light weight _______________.
- waterproofed canvas
- reinforced plastic
Floor Runners:
Used to cover floors between points of _______________ and the fire area.
entry/egress
Carry-alls:
Constructed of __________.
Used to remove _________ from fire areas.
canvas
debris
Rolled Plastic/Visqueen:
Currently replacing most salvage covers due to several factors:
- _____________
- _____________
- _____________
- _____________
- _____________
- Lighter weight
- Ability to shed water
- Ease of maintenance
- Lower cost
- Require less storage space
Rolled Plastic/Visqueen:
Available in __________ rolls.
100’ x 20’
(Sawdust) Used to control, divert, direct, or absorb water:
One, ___________, bag of sawdust can absorb __________ of water.
- 3 cubic foot
- 30 gallons
(Scoop Shovels)
Used to ______________ sawdust or for the removal of water and other fire debris.
spread/remove
(Squeegee)
Able to ____________ water toward an outlet or drain.
push/pull
(Sump Pump)
Used for dewatering
-Supplied with _______ sections of 1 3/4” hose
2, 50’
(Water Vacuums)
Used for dewatering areas ___________ for sump pumps and ___________ areas.
- too shallow
- carpeted
(Water Vacuums)
Carried on ________.
trucks
(Salvage Priorities)
Every occupancy has different valuable items that need to be ___________.
salvaged
(Salvage Priorities)
By starting _________________, working out and up/down, firefighters have the greatest chance of saving the ________________.
- closest to the fire
- most valuables
(Salvage Priorities)
Knowing the buildings in your district and establishing salvage priorities based on occupancy, allows firefighters to change a complete loss of the structure into a ____________.
good save
(Salvage Priorities) In multistory buildings:
Salvage operations must be accomplished on several floors _____________.
simultaneously
(Salvage Priorities) In multistory buildings:
Water from floors above may quickly do ________________ to lower floors than the original fire.
greater damage
(Salvage Priorities) In multistory buildings:
Aggressive ___________ and ____________ operations could make a big difference in the loss of non-fire involved property.
- ventilation
- salvage
(Occupancy Specific Concerns)
Single/Multi-Family Dwellings:
- _____________
- _____________
- _____________
- _____________
- Expensive appliances
- Furniture
- Pictures
- Clothing
(Occupancy Specific Concerns)
Commercial Occupancies:
- ____________________
- ____________________
- ____________________
- Business records
- Machinery and finished products
- Unfinished stock/raw materials
(Occupancy Specific Concerns)
Office Buildings:
- _________________
- _________________
- Computers, copiers, etc.
- Files and filing cabinets
(Occupancy Specific Concerns)
Industrial Occupancies:
- __________________
- __________________
- __________________
- __________________
- Expensive machinery
- Water reactive materials
- Computers
- Files and filing cabinets
(Water Removal)
Removal of water from a structure in a timely manner can minimize loss from __________.
damage
(Water Removal)
If water is allowed to accumulate, the weight of the water and water soaked materials can ___________ a fire-weakened structure.
overload
(Water Removal)
Slow water removal can cause more damage than ______________.
the fire itself
(Steps to water removal)
(1) Eliminate the source
- ______________ appropriate shut-off valves to stop the flow of water into the structure
Isolate and control
(Steps to water removal)
(2) Containment
- Water must often be contained to prevent it from ___________ and _________________.
- spreading
- causing more damage
(Steps to water removal)
(2) Containment
- The use of sawdust, wastebaskets, basements and catch/holding basins can be employed to contain/confine water to the _____________ with the _____________ of damage possible.
- smallest area
- least amount
(Channeling)
Due to the incident and occupancy, it is often advantageous to ________ water to a basin inside the structure or to _________ water to the exterior.
- channel
- divert
(Channeling)
Ways to channel/divert water include:
- ______________
- ______________
- Toilets
- ______________
- ______________
- Vertical shafts
- ______________
- Chutes
- Ladders and Pike Poles
- Stairs and Hallways
- Holes in floors
- Holes in ceilings
- Drains and pipes
- Sump Pumps
- Fire Hose
(Channeling)
Holes in Floors:
Open the ceiling below first and ensure that the hole in the ceiling is ________ than the hole in the floor above to prevent water damage to the ceiling.
larger
(Channeling)
Holes in ceilings:
Water will often accumulate in a ceiling, but can easily be removed with a ___________ or other similar tool
pike pole
(Channeling)
Toilets:
Toilets may be removed from the their junction with the floor, this will expose a _______________.
4” sewer pipe
(Channeling)
Drains and pipes:
Drain effectiveness is based on their ____________________________________________________________________, etc.
size, distance from the water source, amount of debris in the area
(Channeling)
Vertical Shafts:
-Unless absolutely necessary ____________ existing vertical shafts. These shafts may open on to machinery or be used for elevators.
–CAUTION: Elevator shafts are often filled with _______________________.
- do not use
- high voltage electrical equipment
(Channeling)
Fire Hose:
- Water can be effectively channeled using fire hose, __________________________.
- Hose can also be used to channel water from ________________________. (In conjunction with a traffic cone and personal safety strap)
- pulled across the floor like a net
- broken or fused sprinkler heads
(Channeling)
Chutes:
- Water draining from upper floors can be moved _________________ through a portal to the exterior by constructing water chutes.
- Chutes are constructed using ladders, pike poles and salvage covers.
- The head of the chute should be _________ to the ceiling than the tail and should be ________ to aid in water accumulation.
-moderate distances
- closer
- wider
(Channeling)
Ladders and Pike Poles:
- A ladder can be used to __________ a salvage cover by leaning it against a wall or other building contents to create a makeshift chute.
- Pike poles can be used in conjunction with ladders and salvage covers to create ______________ for channeling water.
- support
- chutes and basins
(Channeling)
Stairs and Hallways:
Water can be channeled down halls and stairways after being ________________ with salvage covers.
properly covered
(Overhaul) Main Statement:
___________________________________
Once the fire is out, the REAL WORK begins!!!
(Overhaul)
Overhaul is the ___________ search of the fire area, after initial extinguishment, for concealed fire within ___________________________________.
- systematic
- walls, floors, ceilings and attic/cockloft spaces
(Overhaul)
We spend ______ of our time at a fire doing overhaul.
90%
(Overhaul) The main objectives of overhaul operations are:
To ___________ the extinguishment of fire with ______________ to the building and its contents.
- complete
- minimal damage
(Overhaul) The main objectives of overhaul operations are:
To determine the _________________ of the fire.
most probable cause
(Overhaul) The main objectives of overhaul operations are:
To leave the insurance adjusters, ________________ a means to determine the loss.
owners, and occupants
(Overhaul) The main objectives of overhaul operations are:
To leave the building in as _______ a condition as possible and to _________ it from unauthorized entry.
safe
secure
(Overhaul) After the fire has been controlled the Incident Commander or the Incident Safety Officer should survey the fire area/building prior to overhaul. This survey is performed for the following reasons:
- To review __________________ and appropriate safety procedures to be followed.
- To determine the probable ___________ and __________.
- To determine the nature and extent of overhaul operations.
- To ensure the availability of appropriate _____________.
-unsafe conditions
- fire origin
- cause
-resources
(Safety)
One factor common to any overhaul operation is the tendency for suppression personnel to ______________________ after the fire has been contained or extinguished.
relax or become complacent
(Safety)
Due to variations in ____________ and impact of the ____________________, on a structure, personnel must be constantly aware of their surroundings.
- fire severity
- fire/suppression activities
(Safety)
This is often accomplished through the use of a __________ crew.
fire watch
(Safety)
Fire watch crews purpose is to stand-by with ___________________ and safeguard crews working within and around the fire area.
charged hose lines
Most injuries to firefighters occur during ______________
overhaul!!!
(Structural Stability)
All of these factors must be __________________ both before and during overhaul operations.
continually evaluated
(Utilities)
Prior to overhaul operations involving ____________________ to check for fire extension, electrical service to the structure should be eliminated.
pulling ceilings and/or walls
(Utilities)
Gas utilities should also be eliminated to prevent the possibility of ________________________.
accumulation and explosion
(Utilities)
Water service may also need to be managed to curtail the flow of water into a structure from _______________________________.
activated or broken sprinkler heads
(Tactics)
Although operations vary at each incident, the focal point of overhaul is ___________________________________.
finding and extinguishing any hidden fire
(Tactics)
To help find hidden fire, firefighters must, use a _____________ approach that considers both the obvious and the potential extension of fire.
systematic
(Tactics, Overhaul)
Begin overhaul operations as ________________________ as possible and work outward.
Second, work in an _______________ above the fire.
Third, work ________________ from the fire.
- close to the point of origin
- upward direction
- downward and away
Hidden fire may display any of the following indicators:
- _____________________________
- _____________________________
- _____________________________
- _____________________________
- _____________________________
- _____________________________
- Smoke issuing under pressure.
- Materials that appear to be discolored.
- Warm or hot floors, walls and ceilings.
- Crackling sounds that would indicate burning materials.
- Abnormal odors.
- Darkened streaks and smoke stains near moldings.
Maintain _______________ within the fire/overhaul area.
charged hose lines
Use ________________ for final extinguishment.
minimal water
Calling for _______ can speed up hidden fire extinguishment.
foam
Try to ___________ additional property loss during overhaul.
minimize
Open up ________________ exposed to fire to check for extension.
walls and ceilings
Minimize damage to walls by first making vertical cuts with an axe or other appropriate tool along the ___________________________ or _____________________________________ before removing the wall material.
- inside of two adjoining studs
- along the inside of adjacent studs on either side of a center stud
Remove ______________________________ when they have been exposed to fire.
window, door, base, chair, and crown moldings
If insulation is present in walls or ceilings, remove it and check _____________.
both sides
If fire has directly involved a basement, thoroughly check the involved area, as well as, areas above the fire for ____________________.
vertical extension
On structures with wood shake roofs, several layers or composition or one layer of steel roofing may cover the original wood shakes. It may be necessary to ________________________ to expose roof areas for presence of charring.
strip away roof coverings
During overhaul it is necessary to cut _______________________________, eliminating the chance that personnel will step onto the overhang and fall into the attic.
overhanging materials back to a supporting rafter
(Covering Ventilation Openings)
Covering roof openings may be necessary to provide protection from the ___________ and ____________________ entry into structures.
- elements
- prevent unauthorized
(Covering Ventilation Openings)
Plastic sheeting can be more effectively used than salvage covers due to ______________.
ease of use
(Covering Ventilation Openings)
Plastic sheeting can also be _____________ when companies return to quarters.
left in place
(Covering Ventilation Openings)
Openings can easily be covered with plastic and secured to the roof by ___________________________________.
nailing or stapling wood lathe over the edges
(Covering Ventilation Openings)
However, to increase the ________________________ of this cover center supports may need to be constructed to raise the center of the cover to provide greater drainage of rain and snow. The edges of this cover can also be wrapped around the wood lathe to create a better seal to the roof and a stronger edge.
strength and effectiveness
To check fascias for extension, do so from the _____________, this moves personnel out of possible collapse areas and into safer locations.
roof side
Thoroughly inspect areas ______________ the main portion of a fire for extension.
–Focus on ___________________________________. (Especially in balloon frame construction)
- directly above
- walls, the top and bottom plates, and the floor and ceiling areas
____________ salvageable items from other fire debris.
Separate
Keep overhaul piles inside structures at least ________ from walls and piles outside structures at least _________ from the structures.
–Place overhaul piles in ___________ yards.
- two feet
- three feet
-side or back
Use appropriate water for extinguishment as you ______ new materials to the pile. (Wet as you add, don’t try to wet all at once)
add
A __________ with “wet water” is very effective on overstuffed items.
pump-tank
(SCBA)
While not popular to use during overhaul and salvage, if CO levels are above __________ personnel should seriously consider using their SCBA
35 ppm
The use of boots, pants, gloves and helmets are necessary during most overhauls. However, the addition of a _______________ (if not required) can dramatically reduce stamina, flexibility and comfort of personnel due to weight and the coats insulating qualities.
turnout coat
A _____________ is a good alternative to turnout coat during extended overhaul, check with officer first.
brush jacket
Nomex hood should be worn while _______________.
pulling ceiling
________________ should be used during pulling, cutting and chopping operations.
Eye protection
Respirator masks (dust masks) will protect personnel against particulate matter but are useless in _______________ atmospheres.
oxygen deficient
