Ch. 3 - Building Construction (NEW TEST) Flashcards
(Type I, Fire Resistive Structures) Structural members are of __________ or __________ materials with sufficient fire resistive ratings to withstand the effects of fire and its spread from story to story.
non-combustible limited combustible
(Type I, Fire Resistive Structures) Fire-resistive requirement for structure members is ________ hours depending on the specific structural member.
2-4
(Steel Protection) Steel structural columns are protected by one of three means: __________ __________ __________
Encasement Membrane Spray on coating
(Type II, Non-combustible) Structural elements have ___________ from fire and its effects. Structural elements _________ to the fire load. Exposed structural elements can ______ rapidly if directly impinged by flames.
Little or NO protection Do not add Fail
(Type III, Ordinary Construction) These structures have masonry _____________ that may help control extension of fire to other buildings (control horizontal fire spread).
Exterior bearing walls
(Type III, Ordinary Construction) Interior floors, walls, and ceilings are constructed of ________ and other _________ materials.
Wood Combustible
(Type III, Ordinary Construction) Floor joists are _________ to prevent exterior (bearing walls) walls from __________ inward when joists are burned through in a fire.
Fire cut Collapsing
(Type III, Ordinary Construction) Pre-1950 exterior walls are generally brick and/or block with ___________ connected by bond beams and/or king’s row every ________ course of brick.
2 withes 6th or 7th
Common firefighting problems for Type III structures -___________ -___________ Age of structure Voids and plenums Multiple use occupancies
Collapse Remodel-renovations Age of structure Voids and plenums Multiple use occupancies
What are the types of Masonry Collapse?
90 Degree-Angle Collapse Curtain-Fall Collapse Inward/Outward Collapse
(Type IV, Mill/Heavy Timber) Use solid or laminated wood members of ____________________________ for columns, beams, girders, trusses, arches, floors, and roofs.
Great dimension/mass for structural members
(Type IV, Mill/Heavy Timber) Heavy/Mill timber construction is ___________ due to the great mass of its structural elements and their low surface to mass ratio.
Long burning
Common firefighting problems with Type IV structures -High Temperatures while burning -Remodel/renovation -____________ -____________
Age of building Collapse
What are the three types of Type V construction? -Lightweight/wood frame -Balloon Frame construction _________________
Platform Frame Construction
(Type V, Lightweight/wood frame) There are three types of wood frame construction: -Post and beam -_______________ -_______________ -Lodge/Log
-Balloon frame -Platform
(Type V, Platform Frame Construction) Characterized by each level being built upon the floor/platform providing an effective ___________.
Fire stop
Common firefighting problems with Type V structures: -__________ -__________ -All structural elements add to the fire load -Void spaces -Fascias/Overhangs -Wood frame structures are often referred to as 20-minute structures
Collapse Rapid burn times
(Common firefighting problems with Type V structures) Wood frame structures are often referred to as 20-minute structures: “TJI” joist systems will often fail in _______ or less when directly impinged by flames.
3 minutes
(Common firefighting problems with Type V structures) Wood frame structures are often referred to as 20-minute structures: Lightweight wood and open web trusses often fail in __________ or less when directly impinged by flames.
5 minutes
(Modern Construction Types) While once used and moderately identifiable, the 5 classic construction types have given way to a hodgepodge of mixed construction styles. Modern construction principles are based on time and money rather than fire and/or life safety. While time to completion on modern buildings decreases and geometry/physics replaces mass to keep costs down, firefighters are losing one of their most valuable fireground assets, _____________.
TIME
Modern building construction can now be broken down into 2 categories:
Conventional Lightweight
(Conventional - can be used in all the classic types of construction) Load bearing characteristics based on ______ and ________ of structural members.
Size Quantity
(Conventional - can be used in all the classic types of construction) The larger a structural member is, the _____________ it is.
Stronger
(Conventional - can be used in all the classic types of construction) Each structural member’s strength is _______________ of each other member’s individual characteristics.
Independent
