Ch. 8 Genomics And Gene Expression Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is utilized in genomic research?

A

All of the above

  • micro-satellite polymorphism
  • restriction fragment length polymorphism
  • single nucleotide polymorphism
  • variable number tandem repeat
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2
Q

What is contig mapping?

A

Determination of regions that overlap from one clone to the next in a library

Assembly of these adjacent, overlapping (“contiguous”) maps allows a complete restriction map to be assembled for the entire region

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3
Q

Which method was used to sequence the human genome?

A

All of the above were used in combination to complete the project.

  • cytogenetic mapping
  • shotgun sequencing
  • chromosome walking
  • radiation hybrid mapping
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4
Q

Which organism has the most genes?

A

P. trichocarpa

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5
Q

What is a gene?

A

All of the above

  • a segment of DNA that encodes a protein
  • a segment of DNA that encodes non-translated RNA
  • sequences of DNA that are not transcribed
  • a segment of DNA that is transcribed
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6
Q

Which of the following is considered a field of study related to bioinformatics?

A

All of the above.

  • proteomics
  • computational biology
  • genomics
  • cheminformatics
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7
Q

How is data mining useful to biotechnology research?

A

Data mining allows researchers to use computers to study, sort, and compile the vast amounts of raw data generated through bioinformatics

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8
Q

Which type of mutation is the most common?

A

Base substitutions

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9
Q

Which of the following statements about mutations is NOT true?

A

Mutations occur in all organisms at the same rate.

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10
Q

DNA polymerase never produces mutations during replication because of..

A

The proofreading ability of this enzyme

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11
Q

Mutations often occur at methylated ___ ___.

A

Cytosine residues

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12
Q

Mutations such as duplications or deletions occur due to..

A

Repetitive sequences causing strand slippage

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13
Q

When comparing mutation rates to coding capacity, mutation rates are usually the same for most organisms, which suggests..

A

A mechanism to control the rate

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14
Q

Which one of the following is often used to establish family trees for organisms because it is present in all organisms and does not accumulate mutations quickly?

A

rRNA

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15
Q

Which of the following statements about DNA microarrays is NOT correct?

A

Hybridization to a DNA microarray can only occur once.

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16
Q

DNA microarrays contain thousands of DNA segments on a support, such as a ___ ___.

A

Glass slide

17
Q

What is the term used to describe the process of synthesizing oligonucleotides directly on the glass slide?

A

On-chip oligosynthesis

18
Q

Which of the following is NOT an observed epigenetic change?

A

Inheritance of yeast prions, as observed through confirmation changes in regulatory proteins.

19
Q

Examples of observed epigenetic changes

A
  • RNAi inheritance in nematodes and plants
  • the effects of DNA methylation and histone modification on the gene expression within a single cell
  • regulation of phase variation in bacteria due to DNA methylation patterns
  • persistence of siRNAs during cell division
20
Q

When a silenced allele is inherited from one parent, this is called ___.

A

Imprinting

21
Q

Which of the following statements highlights the issues surrounding oligonucleotide microarrays?

A

All of the above are issues surrounding oligonucleotide microarrays.

  • a duplex may not be properly form if the mRNA probe has several mismatches compared to the oligonucleotide sequence
  • the ability to hybridize to the oligonucleotides will be decreased if the probe is able to form a stem-loop structure
  • the A:T content of the oligonucleotide may affect the stability of the duplex
  • depending on the size of the spacer, incoming proves may not be able to hybridize if the spacer is too small or the oligonucleotide may fold back on itself if the spacer is too long
22
Q

What can whole-genome arrays identify?

A

All of the above.

  • regions on the DNA that are methylated
  • transcription factor binding sites
  • various polymorphisms
  • repetitive elements
23
Q

Which one of the following fusion proteins does not require some kind of chemical substrate to observe activity?

A

All of the above.

  • luciferase
  • alkaline phosphatase
  • green fluorescent protein
  • B-galactosidase
24
Q

Why is RNA-Seq more advantageous than typical microarrays?

A

All of the above are advantages over typical microarrays.

  • RNA-Seq does not need a probe
  • both coding and non-coding RNAs can be monitored with RNA-Seq
  • alternative splicing is detected by RNA-Seq
  • allele-specific expression can be monitored with RNA-Seq
25
Q

What technique could you use to simultaneously monitor host and pathogen RNA?

A

RNA-seq