Ch. 2 DNA, RNA, And Protein Flashcards
___ are regions of DNA that are transcribed to give RNA that can be translated to protein or used directly.
Genes
Structure of a typical structure gene contains ___ and ___ ___ ___.
Promoter and transcription stop signal
___ ___ synthesizes RNA at the transcription bubble.
RNA polymerase
___ are added to create RNA complementary to the template (non-coding) strand.
Ribonucleotides
Eukaryotic transcription
- eukaryotes have three different RNA polymerases
- RNA polymerase II binds to TATA and initiator boxes
- eukaryotes require specific transcription factors
Mono-cistronic vs Poly-cistronic
- eukaryotes transcribe genes in single units, where each RNA encodes for only one protein
- prokaryotes transcribe genes in operon as one single mRNA then translate proteins as separate units
Positive regulation -
Genes are expressed only when the activators give a positive signal
Negative regulation -
Genes are expressed only when the repressor is removed
___ ___ will not activate lactose operon alone, lactose must be present.
Crp binding
If lactose is available, ___ will convert some lactose into allo-lactose which acts as an inducer.
B-galactosidase
Autogenous regulation -
Repressor or activator binds to the promoter of its own gene
___ ___ are far from the promoter but may loop around to directly bind to the mediator complex.
Enhancer sequences
___ ___ prevent transcription factors from binding to the wrong promoter.
Insulator sequences
The eukaryotic transcription factor has two domains, the ___ ___ ___ bind DNA at the promoter, and the ___ ___ initiates RNA polymerase actions.
DNA binding domain
Activator domain
The eukaryotic transcription factor, AP-1 -
Consists of two different proteins that works as a dimer
