Ch. 2 End Of Chapter Questions

Question 1

Which of the following are important features for transcription?

Answer 1

All of the above

• promoter
• RNA polymerase
• 5’ and 3’ UTRs
• ORF

Question 2

Adenine in DNA is complementary to ___.

Answer 2

Uracil

Question 3

Which of the following is not necessary during Rho-independent termination of transcription?

Answer 3

Rho protein

Question 4

Which of the following is not true about mRNA?

Answer 4

Eukaryotes almost always produce polycistronic mRNA

Question 5

In what way is eukaryotic transcription more complex than prokaryotic transcription?

Answer 5

• eukaryotes have three different RNA polymerases, whereas prokaryotes only have one RNA polymerase
• eukaryotic transcription initiation is much more complex than prokaryotic initiation because of the various transcription factors involved
• upstream elements are required for efficient transcription in eukaryotic cells, but these elements are not usually necessary in prokaryotes
• eukaryotic mRNA is made in the nucleus

Question 6

Why is the lac operon of E. coli important to biotechnology research?

Answer 6

The inducers and regulators of the lac operon are used to control the expression of genes in model organisms

Question 7

What feature about eukaryotic transcription factors if useful to biotechnology research?

Answer 7

They have two domains: one domain binds DNA and the other binds to some part of the transcription apparatus

Question 8

Which of the following DNA structure modifications are used to regulate transcription?

Answer 8

All of the above

• acetylation/deacetylation of the histone tails
• methylation of specific bases in the DNA sequence
• use of non-coding regulatory RNA to alter DNA accessibility
• nucleosome remodeling

Question 9

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic mRNA processing is not correct?

Answer 9

A 3’ cap and a 5’ polyA tail must be added

Question 10

Which of the following statements about protein translation is not correct?

Answer 10

The anticodon of the tRNA must recognize the codon on the mRNA exactly

Question 11

Condon bias can be overcome by which scenario?

Answer 11

• genetically engineering host organisms or express rare tRNAs
• generic engineering the gene so that the codons are recognized by more abundant tRNAs

Question 12

Choose the statement about translation that is NOT correct?

Answer 12

Transcription and translation are coupled in eukaryotes

Question 13

Which of the following statements does not highlight a difference in eukaryotic and prokaryotic translation?

Answer 13

The first methionine in eukaryotic translation, forming a polysome