Ch. 8 Central Nervous System

Question 1

What name denotes the termination of the spinal cord at the level of L2 or L3?

Answer 1

Conus medullaris

Question 2

What anatomic structure produces cerebral spinal fluid?

Answer 2

Choroid plexus

Question 3

What anatomic structure connects the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle?

Answer 3

Interventricular foramina

Question 4

Which blood vessel(s) supply(ies) most of the brain with blood?

Answer 4

Internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries

Question 5

What protective mechanism keeps unwanted substances from reaching the brain while permitting the removal of waste products of brain metabolism?

Answer 5

Blood-brain barrier

Question 6

The pineal and pituitary glands DO or DO NOT contain specialized capillaries responsible for the blood-brain barrier?

Answer 6

DO NOT

Question 7

What are the component(s) of a neuron

Answer 7

Soma dentrite axon

Question 8

Neuroglia can be composed of:

Answer 8

• Microglia
• Schwann’s cells
• Astrocytes

Question 9

What is the name for the pulpy center of the intervertebral disks?

Answer 9

Nucleus pulpossus

Question 10

What is the preferred imaging modality when diagnosing pathologic conditions related to the central nervous system?

Answer 10

MRI

Question 11

What imaging modality is commonly employed to assess multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and autism?

Answer 11

FMRI

Question 12

What imaging modality can evaluate the neonatal brain?

Answer 12

Ultrasound

Question 13

Percutanesous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) can be performed:

Answer 13

To enlarge stenotic vessels of the neck

Question 14

What prenatal diagnostic test may indicate the presence of spina bifida in the developing fetus?

Answer 14

Maternal alpha fetoprotein seum levels

Question 15

What is a myelocele?

Answer 15

Protrusion of spinal cord

Question 16

What congenital disorders of the CNS is considered to be the most serious?

Answer 16

Meningomyelocele

Question 17

Poor resorption of cerebral spinal fluid by the arachnoid villa results in:

Answer 17

Communicating hydrocephalus

Question 18

What are the causes for hydrocephalus?

Answer 18

• Arnold chiari malformation
• Subarachnoid hemorrhage
• Overproduction of CSF

Question 19

What is the most common cause of meningitis?

Answer 19

Bacterial infection

Question 20

What type of meningitis occurs most often in children?

Answer 20

Streptococcal

Question 21

Symptoms of bacterial meningitis include:

Answer 21

• Hydrocephalas
• Headache
• Stiff neck
• Fever

Question 22

What is the primary means of diagnosing meningitis?

Answer 22

Spinal tap

Question 23

What is the most common cause of encephalitis?

Answer 23

Viral infection

Question 24

What diagnostic procedure is most useful in the detection of encephalitis?

Answer 24

MRI

Question 25

What term is defined as pus accumulation between the dura mater and arachnoid layers of the meninges?

Answer 25

Subdural empyema

Question 26

If the nucleus pulposus herniates, which direction may be of the most clinical significance?

Answer 26

Posterior

Question 27

What vertebral level is the most common location for a disk herniation?

Answer 27

L5-S1 or C6-C7

Question 28

What pathological condition occurs because of osteoarthritic changes in the neck and compression of spinal nerves passing through the intervertebral foramina and appears radiographically with osteophyte formation?

Answer 28

Cervical spondylosis

Question 29

What condition is well demonstrated by MR and occurs as a result of demyelinated nerves that form sclerotic lesions?

Answer 29

MS plaques

Question 30

A _______ occurs when a cranial blood vessel ruptures, such as from an aneurysm, and bleeds into the brain tissue.

Answer 30

Hemorrhage stroke

Question 31

A ______ is a blood clot that obstructs a blood vessel; an embolus is a mass of undissolved matter (solid, liquid, or gas) present in a blood vessel brought there by blood current.

Answer 31

Thrombus

Question 32

Why may a noncontrast CT scan be performed on a suspected stroke patient before the administration of a thrombolytic agent?

Answer 32

Determine hemorrhagic stroke

Question 33

In a hemorrhagic stroke, in what part of the brain does most of the bleeding occur?

Answer 33

Cerebrum, bleeding into the lateral ventricle

Question 34

What type of brain neoplasm is most common?

Answer 34

Gliomas

Question 35

What type of neoplasm of the brain arises from the roof of the fourth ventricle or central canal of the spinal cord?

Answer 35

Ependymoma

Question 36

Prognosis of a patient with a glioma is generally considered to be:

Answer 36

Poor

Question 37

What imaging modality is preferred to assist in the diagnosis of a medulloblastoma?

Answer 37

MRI

Question 38

What imaging modality is preferred when imaging meningiomas?

Answer 38

CT with contrast

Question 39

What type of neoplasm causes enlargement and erosion of the sella turcica?

Answer 39

Pituitary adenoma

Question 40

What is the most common type of extramedullary spinal neoplasm?

Answer 40

Meningioma

Question 41

Cervical spondylosis:

Answer 41

Subtractive

Question 42

Metastases from other sites:

Answer 42

Subtractive

Question 43

Spinal tumor:

Answer 43

Both additive and subtractive