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Pathology > Ch. 8 Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Ch. 8 Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What name denotes the termination of the spinal cord at the level of L2 or L3?

A

Conus medullaris

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2
Q

What anatomic structure produces cerebral spinal fluid?

A

Choroid plexus

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3
Q

What anatomic structure connects the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle?

A

Interventricular foramina

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4
Q

Which blood vessel(s) supply(ies) most of the brain with blood?

A

Internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries

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5
Q

What protective mechanism keeps unwanted substances from reaching the brain while permitting the removal of waste products of brain metabolism?

A

Blood-brain barrier

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6
Q

The pineal and pituitary glands DO or DO NOT contain specialized capillaries responsible for the blood-brain barrier?

A

DO NOT

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7
Q

What are the component(s) of a neuron

A

Soma dentrite axon

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8
Q

Neuroglia can be composed of:

A
  • Microglia
  • Schwann’s cells
  • Astrocytes
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9
Q

What is the name for the pulpy center of the intervertebral disks?

A

Nucleus pulpossus

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10
Q

What is the preferred imaging modality when diagnosing pathologic conditions related to the central nervous system?

A

MRI

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11
Q

What imaging modality is commonly employed to assess multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and autism?

A

FMRI

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12
Q

What imaging modality can evaluate the neonatal brain?

A

Ultrasound

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13
Q

Percutanesous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) can be performed:

A

To enlarge stenotic vessels of the neck

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14
Q

What prenatal diagnostic test may indicate the presence of spina bifida in the developing fetus?

A

Maternal alpha fetoprotein seum levels

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15
Q

What is a myelocele?

A

Protrusion of spinal cord

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16
Q

What congenital disorders of the CNS is considered to be the most serious?

A

Meningomyelocele

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17
Q

Poor resorption of cerebral spinal fluid by the arachnoid villa results in:

A

Communicating hydrocephalus

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18
Q

What are the causes for hydrocephalus?

A
  • Arnold chiari malformation
  • Subarachnoid hemorrhage
  • Overproduction of CSF
19
Q

What is the most common cause of meningitis?

A

Bacterial infection

20
Q

What type of meningitis occurs most often in children?

A

Streptococcal

21
Q

Symptoms of bacterial meningitis include:

A
  • Hydrocephalas
  • Headache
  • Stiff neck
  • Fever
22
Q

What is the primary means of diagnosing meningitis?

A

Spinal tap

23
Q

What is the most common cause of encephalitis?

A

Viral infection

24
Q

What diagnostic procedure is most useful in the detection of encephalitis?

A

MRI

25
Q

What term is defined as pus accumulation between the dura mater and arachnoid layers of the meninges?

A

Subdural empyema

26
Q

If the nucleus pulposus herniates, which direction may be of the most clinical significance?

A

Posterior

27
Q

What vertebral level is the most common location for a disk herniation?

A

L5-S1 or C6-C7

28
Q

What pathological condition occurs because of osteoarthritic changes in the neck and compression of spinal nerves passing through the intervertebral foramina and appears radiographically with osteophyte formation?

A

Cervical spondylosis

29
Q

What condition is well demonstrated by MR and occurs as a result of demyelinated nerves that form sclerotic lesions?

A

MS plaques

30
Q

A _______ occurs when a cranial blood vessel ruptures, such as from an aneurysm, and bleeds into the brain tissue.

A

Hemorrhage stroke

31
Q

A ______ is a blood clot that obstructs a blood vessel; an embolus is a mass of undissolved matter (solid, liquid, or gas) present in a blood vessel brought there by blood current.

A

Thrombus

32
Q

Why may a noncontrast CT scan be performed on a suspected stroke patient before the administration of a thrombolytic agent?

A

Determine hemorrhagic stroke

33
Q

In a hemorrhagic stroke, in what part of the brain does most of the bleeding occur?

A

Cerebrum, bleeding into the lateral ventricle

34
Q

What type of brain neoplasm is most common?

A

Gliomas

35
Q

What type of neoplasm of the brain arises from the roof of the fourth ventricle or central canal of the spinal cord?

A

Ependymoma

36
Q

Prognosis of a patient with a glioma is generally considered to be:

A

Poor

37
Q

What imaging modality is preferred to assist in the diagnosis of a medulloblastoma?

A

MRI

38
Q

What imaging modality is preferred when imaging meningiomas?

A

CT with contrast

39
Q

What type of neoplasm causes enlargement and erosion of the sella turcica?

A

Pituitary adenoma

40
Q

What is the most common type of extramedullary spinal neoplasm?

A

Meningioma

41
Q

Cervical spondylosis:

A

Subtractive

42
Q

Metastases from other sites:

A

Subtractive

43
Q

Spinal tumor:

A

Both additive and subtractive

Pathology (6 decks)

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