Ch. 3 Respiratory System

Question 1

What are the structures of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

Pharynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, diaphragm

Question 2

What anatomic structure adheres directly to lung tissue?

Answer 2

Visceral pleura

Question 3

What diagnostic examination is most frequently performed in the radiology department?

Answer 3

Chest radiography

Question 4

Which sets of paranasal sinuses are present at birth?

Answer 4

Maxillary and ethmoid

Question 5

To decrease patient dose while performing computed chest radiography, which technical factors can be increased?

Answer 5

kVp

Question 6

What anatomic structures are located in the mediastinum?

Answer 6

All thoracic structures except the lungs.

-Heart, thymus, thyroid, great vessels

Question 7

What patient positioning factors assists in decreasing the size of the cardiac shadow?

Answer 7

Placing the heart closer to the IR.

For example doing a left lateral instead of a right lateral

Question 8

To evaluate a pleural effusion in the right lung, which decubitus position is required?

Answer 8

Right decubitus

Question 9

What chest position or projection will best demonstrate pectus excavatum?

Answer 9

Left Lateral

Question 10

What chest position may better visualize TB, which has a predilection for the apices of the lungs?

Answer 10

Lordotic

Question 11

What anatomic structure presents radiographically as a “sail sign”?

Answer 11

Enlarged thymus

Question 12

What pathologic condition occurs as a result of a disruption in the esophagus or trachea and air becoming trapped in the mediastinum?

Answer 12

Mediastinal emphysema

Question 13

Which imaging modality is preferred when evaluating pulmonary adenopathy?

Answer 13

CT

Question 14

Which imaging modality can distinguish between benign and malignant pulmonary lesions?

Answer 14

PET scans

Question 15

What type of tube would be inserted into a patient with a hemothorax?

Answer 15

Chest tube

Question 16

Diagnosis and management of heart failure, resulting from myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock, represent the most common use of what type of catheter?

Answer 16

Pulmonary artery catheter

Question 17

What term denotes the inability to move air into and out of the lungs, with increased blood carbon dioxide content?

Answer 17

Hypercapnia

Question 18

What are common causes for respiratory failure?

Answer 18

Acute trauma to the chest

Question 19

Cystic fibrosis is classified as a _____ disorder.

Answer 19

Genetic

Question 20

What is deficient in the premature infant affected by hyaline membrane disease?

Answer 20

Surfactant

Question 21

What chest pathology radiographically demonstrates an air-bronchogram sign?

Answer 21

Hyaline membrane disease

Question 22

What is the most common lethal genetic disease for white children?

Answer 22

Cystic fibrosis

Question 23

What is the most common bacterial pneumonia?

Answer 23

Community acquired. Streptococcus or pneumococcal

Question 24

What type of pneumonia may mimic the radiographic appearance of TB?

Answer 24

Myoplasma pneumonia

Question 25

What pathologic condition is a permanent, abnormal dilation of one or more large bronchi as a result of destruction of the elastic and muscular components of the bronchial wall?

Answer 25

Bronchiectasis

Question 26

What is the primary method of diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis?

Answer 26

Mantoux test or lab test

Question 27

What type of pneumonia is frequently caused by influenza?

Answer 27

Staphylococcus

Question 28

The condition in which pus accumulates in the pleural space is termed:

Answer 28

Empyema

Question 29

Hyperinflation or the overdistention of alveoli with air is called:

Answer 29

Emphysema

Question 30

An ____ tube is inserted through the nose or mouth into the trachea and used to manage the patient's airway.

Answer 30

Endotracheal

Question 31

The most frequent type of lung infection is:

Answer 31

Pneumonia

Question 32

An inflammation of the pleura that is not visible on radiographs is:

Answer 32

Pleurisy

Question 33

What term is associated with TB when the bloodstream picks up the TB bacteria and carries it throughout the body?

Answer 33

Miliary tuberculosis

Question 34

What are the most common pathologies associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer 34

Bronchitis, emphysema

Question 35

The predominant risk factor associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is:

Answer 35

Smoking

Question 36

What pathology presents radiographically as a depressed or flattened diaphragm, abnormally radiolucent lungs, and increased retrosternal air spaces?

Answer 36

Emphysema

Question 37

What are the primary types of pneumoconiosis?

Answer 37

Silcosis anthrocosis

Question 38

What type of fungal infection is endemic to the Ohio and Mississippi River valley's?

Answer 38

Histoplasmosis

Question 39

A solitary radiopaque lung nodule consistent with bronchogenic carcinomas is a :

Answer 39

Coin lesion

Question 40

What is the procedure performed under sonographic guidance that removes excess fluids from the pleural cavity?

Answer 40

Thoracocentesis

Question 41

What are methods of pulmonary metastases?

Answer 41

Direct implantation from biopsy or surgery.

Question 42

Cystic fibrosis:

Answer 42

Additive

Question 43

Hyaline membrane disease:

Answer 43

Additive

Question 44

Pneumonias:

Answer 44

Additive

Question 45

Bronchiectasis:

Answer 45

Additive

Question 46

Tuberculosis:

Answer 46

Additive

Question 47

COPD:

Answer 47

Subtractive

Question 48

Pneumoconioses:

Answer 48

Additive

Question 49

Fungal disease:

Answer 49

Additive

Question 50

Lung abscess:

Answer 50

Additive

Question 51

Pleurisy:

Answer 51

No technical change

Question 52

Pleural effusion:

Answer 52

Additive

Question 53

Sinusitis:

Answer 53

Additive

Question 54

Bronchial adenoma:

Answer 54

Additive

Question 55

Bronchogenic carcinoma staging:

Answer 55

Additive

Question 56

Metastatic lung disease:

Answer 56

Additive