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Pathology > Ch. 3 Respiratory System > Flashcards

Ch. 3 Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the structures of the respiratory system?

A

Pharynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, diaphragm

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2
Q

What anatomic structure adheres directly to lung tissue?

A

Visceral pleura

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3
Q

What diagnostic examination is most frequently performed in the radiology department?

A

Chest radiography

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4
Q

Which sets of paranasal sinuses are present at birth?

A

Maxillary and ethmoid

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5
Q

To decrease patient dose while performing computed chest radiography, which technical factors can be increased?

A

kVp

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6
Q

What anatomic structures are located in the mediastinum?

A

All thoracic structures except the lungs.

-Heart, thymus, thyroid, great vessels

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7
Q

What patient positioning factors assists in decreasing the size of the cardiac shadow?

A

Placing the heart closer to the IR.

For example doing a left lateral instead of a right lateral

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8
Q

To evaluate a pleural effusion in the right lung, which decubitus position is required?

A

Right decubitus

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9
Q

What chest position or projection will best demonstrate pectus excavatum?

A

Left Lateral

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10
Q

What chest position may better visualize TB, which has a predilection for the apices of the lungs?

A

Lordotic

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11
Q

What anatomic structure presents radiographically as a “sail sign”?

A

Enlarged thymus

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12
Q

What pathologic condition occurs as a result of a disruption in the esophagus or trachea and air becoming trapped in the mediastinum?

A

Mediastinal emphysema

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13
Q

Which imaging modality is preferred when evaluating pulmonary adenopathy?

A

CT

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14
Q

Which imaging modality can distinguish between benign and malignant pulmonary lesions?

A

PET scans

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15
Q

What type of tube would be inserted into a patient with a hemothorax?

A

Chest tube

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16
Q

Diagnosis and management of heart failure, resulting from myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock, represent the most common use of what type of catheter?

A

Pulmonary artery catheter

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17
Q

What term denotes the inability to move air into and out of the lungs, with increased blood carbon dioxide content?

A

Hypercapnia

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18
Q

What are common causes for respiratory failure?

A

Acute trauma to the chest

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19
Q

Cystic fibrosis is classified as a _____ disorder.

A

Genetic

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20
Q

What is deficient in the premature infant affected by hyaline membrane disease?

A

Surfactant

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21
Q

What chest pathology radiographically demonstrates an air-bronchogram sign?

A

Hyaline membrane disease

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22
Q

What is the most common lethal genetic disease for white children?

A

Cystic fibrosis

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23
Q

What is the most common bacterial pneumonia?

A

Community acquired. Streptococcus or pneumococcal

24
Q

What type of pneumonia may mimic the radiographic appearance of TB?

A

Myoplasma pneumonia

25
Q

What pathologic condition is a permanent, abnormal dilation of one or more large bronchi as a result of destruction of the elastic and muscular components of the bronchial wall?

A

Bronchiectasis

26
Q

What is the primary method of diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis?

A

Mantoux test or lab test

27
Q

What type of pneumonia is frequently caused by influenza?

A

Staphylococcus

28
Q

The condition in which pus accumulates in the pleural space is termed:

A

Empyema

29
Q

Hyperinflation or the overdistention of alveoli with air is called:

A

Emphysema

30
Q

An ____ tube is inserted through the nose or mouth into the trachea and used to manage the patient’s airway.

A

Endotracheal

31
Q

The most frequent type of lung infection is:

A

Pneumonia

32
Q

An inflammation of the pleura that is not visible on radiographs is:

A

Pleurisy

33
Q

What term is associated with TB when the bloodstream picks up the TB bacteria and carries it throughout the body?

A

Miliary tuberculosis

34
Q

What are the most common pathologies associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

A

Bronchitis, emphysema

35
Q

The predominant risk factor associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is:

A

Smoking

36
Q

What pathology presents radiographically as a depressed or flattened diaphragm, abnormally radiolucent lungs, and increased retrosternal air spaces?

A

Emphysema

37
Q

What are the primary types of pneumoconiosis?

A

Silcosis anthrocosis

38
Q

What type of fungal infection is endemic to the Ohio and Mississippi River valley’s?

A

Histoplasmosis

39
Q

A solitary radiopaque lung nodule consistent with bronchogenic carcinomas is a :

A

Coin lesion

40
Q

What is the procedure performed under sonographic guidance that removes excess fluids from the pleural cavity?

A

Thoracocentesis

41
Q

What are methods of pulmonary metastases?

A

Direct implantation from biopsy or surgery.

42
Q

Cystic fibrosis:

A

Additive

43
Q

Hyaline membrane disease:

A

Additive

44
Q

Pneumonias:

A

Additive

45
Q

Bronchiectasis:

A

Additive

46
Q

Tuberculosis:

A

Additive

47
Q

COPD:

A

Subtractive

48
Q

Pneumoconioses:

A

Additive

49
Q

Fungal disease:

A

Additive

50
Q

Lung abscess:

A

Additive

51
Q

Pleurisy:

A

No technical change

52
Q

Pleural effusion:

A

Additive

53
Q

Sinusitis:

A

Additive

54
Q

Bronchial adenoma:

A

Additive

55
Q

Bronchogenic carcinoma staging:

A

Additive

56
Q

Metastatic lung disease:

A

Additive

Pathology (6 decks)

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