Ch. 5 Abdomen and Gastrointestinal System Flashcards
Esophageal atresia is a ____ condition of the GI system.
Congenital
What is considered an outpouching caused by a weakening in the muscular wall of the bowel that can lead to bowel obstruction, perforation, and fistula formation?
Diverticulum
What is the congenital anomaly of the stomach where the pyloric canal is greatly narrowed due to an abnormality of the pyloric sphincter?
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Where to peptic ulcers most frequently occur?
Duodenal bulb, lesser curvature of stomach
What is a pulsion type found at the pharyngoesophageal junction at the upper end of the esophagus?
Zenker’s
What is a weakness of the esophageal hiatus that permits some portions of the stomach to herniate into the thoracic cavity?
Hiatal hernia
What are the characteristics of adenocarcinoma of the colon?
Right colic lesions are malignant, ‘apple core’ lesion, glandular epithelial cancer
A classical sign of congenital pyloric stenosis is:
Projectile vomiting
Celiac sprue is also referred to as:
Malabsorption syndrome
What is intussusception?
Telescoping of the bowel into itself
What is a synonym for Crohn’s disease?
Regional enteritis
Diverticulosis is typically:
In the elderly
the radiographic “string sign” is associated:
Ulcerative colitis
The condition in which a gallstone erodes from the gallbladder and creates a fistula to the small bowel is:
Gallstone ileus
What is volvulus?
Twisting of the bowel upon itself
What radiographic appearance is associated with achalasia?
Beaked appearance
Leiomyomas are _____ tumors of the esophagus
Benign
A hernia that cannot be pushed back into the abdominal wall is called an…
Incarcerated hernia
A foreign body ingested by a patient while eating is best diagnosed with a:
Barium swallow
Adenocarcinoma of the colon shows the classic appearance of an:
Apple core
Is it normal to visualize gas in the small bowel of an adult?
No
What is an imperforate anus?
Distal rectum and anus do not form
What is malrotation?
Unnatural position of the intestines caused by failure of normal rotation in embryologic development
Most commonly, gas confined to the small bowel with multiple air-fluid levels visible on an erect abdominal radiograph indicates a _____ obstruction, whereas gas distributed throughout both the large and small bowel is indicative of paralytic ileus.
Mechanic
Duodenal perforation is indicated by:
Intraperitoneal air
Colon adenocarcinoma is indicated by:
Apple core lesions
Duodenal atresia is indicated by:
Double bubble appearance
What anatomic structure is a double fold of peritoneum that attaches to the duodenum, stomach, and transverse colon?
Greater omentum
Which section of the small intestine appears delicate and feathery?
Jejunum
Which anatomic structures are considered to be retroperitoneal? and extraperitoneal?
Retro: Cecum, ascending
Extra: Descending colon
What type of contrast agents are required and preferred for use when performing an upper GI in the case of a suspected perforation?
Water soluble
What imaging modality uses fiberoptics to visualize the GI tract and other organs?
Endoscopy
What term is defined as difficulty swallowing?
Dysphagia
What is the most common indication for placement of an ileostomy?
Ulcerative colitis
What diagnostic procedure can identify the presence of Helicobacter pylori bacterial infection in the stomach?
Nuclear medicing urea breath test
What are indications for the placement of a gastric tube?
- Aspiration of gastric contents
- Nutritional support and feeding
- Decompression of gastric contents
Bowel obstruction:
Subtractive
Achalasia:
Additive if food is present
