Ch. 5 Abdomen and Gastrointestinal System

Question 1

Esophageal atresia is a ____ condition of the GI system.

Answer 1

Congenital

Question 2

What is considered an outpouching caused by a weakening in the muscular wall of the bowel that can lead to bowel obstruction, perforation, and fistula formation?

Answer 2

Diverticulum

Question 3

What is the congenital anomaly of the stomach where the pyloric canal is greatly narrowed due to an abnormality of the pyloric sphincter?

Answer 3

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Question 4

Where to peptic ulcers most frequently occur?

Answer 4

Duodenal bulb, lesser curvature of stomach

Question 5

What is a pulsion type found at the pharyngoesophageal junction at the upper end of the esophagus?

Answer 5

Zenker’s

Question 6

What is a weakness of the esophageal hiatus that permits some portions of the stomach to herniate into the thoracic cavity?

Answer 6

Hiatal hernia

Question 7

What are the characteristics of adenocarcinoma of the colon?

Answer 7

Right colic lesions are malignant, ‘apple core’ lesion, glandular epithelial cancer

Question 8

A classical sign of congenital pyloric stenosis is:

Answer 8

Projectile vomiting

Question 9

Celiac sprue is also referred to as:

Answer 9

Malabsorption syndrome

Question 10

What is intussusception?

Answer 10

Telescoping of the bowel into itself

Question 11

What is a synonym for Crohn’s disease?

Answer 11

Regional enteritis

Question 12

Diverticulosis is typically:

Answer 12

In the elderly

Question 13

the radiographic “string sign” is associated:

Answer 13

Ulcerative colitis

Question 14

The condition in which a gallstone erodes from the gallbladder and creates a fistula to the small bowel is:

Answer 14

Gallstone ileus

Question 15

What is volvulus?

Answer 15

Twisting of the bowel upon itself

Question 16

What radiographic appearance is associated with achalasia?

Answer 16

Beaked appearance

Question 17

Leiomyomas are _____ tumors of the esophagus

Answer 17

Benign

Question 18

A hernia that cannot be pushed back into the abdominal wall is called an…

Answer 18

Incarcerated hernia

Question 19

A foreign body ingested by a patient while eating is best diagnosed with a:

Answer 19

Barium swallow

Question 20

Adenocarcinoma of the colon shows the classic appearance of an:

Answer 20

Apple core

Question 21

Is it normal to visualize gas in the small bowel of an adult?

Answer 21

No

Question 22

What is an imperforate anus?

Answer 22

Distal rectum and anus do not form

Question 23

What is malrotation?

Answer 23

Unnatural position of the intestines caused by failure of normal rotation in embryologic development

Question 24

Most commonly, gas confined to the small bowel with multiple air-fluid levels visible on an erect abdominal radiograph indicates a _____ obstruction, whereas gas distributed throughout both the large and small bowel is indicative of paralytic ileus.

Answer 24

Mechanic

Question 25

Duodenal perforation is indicated by:

Answer 25

Intraperitoneal air

Question 26

Colon adenocarcinoma is indicated by:

Answer 26

Apple core lesions

Question 27

Duodenal atresia is indicated by:

Answer 27

Double bubble appearance

Question 28

What anatomic structure is a double fold of peritoneum that attaches to the duodenum, stomach, and transverse colon?

Answer 28

Greater omentum

Question 29

Which section of the small intestine appears delicate and feathery?

Answer 29

Jejunum

Question 30

Which anatomic structures are considered to be retroperitoneal? and extraperitoneal?

Answer 30

Retro: Cecum, ascending

Extra: Descending colon

Question 31

What type of contrast agents are required and preferred for use when performing an upper GI in the case of a suspected perforation?

Answer 31

Water soluble

Question 32

What imaging modality uses fiberoptics to visualize the GI tract and other organs?

Answer 32

Endoscopy

Question 33

What term is defined as difficulty swallowing?

Answer 33

Dysphagia

Question 34

What is the most common indication for placement of an ileostomy?

Answer 34

Ulcerative colitis

Question 35

What diagnostic procedure can identify the presence of Helicobacter pylori bacterial infection in the stomach?

Answer 35

Nuclear medicing urea breath test

Question 36

What are indications for the placement of a gastric tube?

Answer 36

• Aspiration of gastric contents
• Nutritional support and feeding
• Decompression of gastric contents

Question 37

Bowel obstruction:

Answer 37

Subtractive

Question 38

Achalasia:

Answer 38

Additive if food is present