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Pathology > Ch. 6 Hepatobiliary System > Flashcards

Ch. 6 Hepatobiliary System Flashcards

1
Q

What two biliary ducts unite to form the common bile duct?

A

The right and left hepatic ducts

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2
Q

Which hormone stimulates the release of bile into the duodenum?

A

Cholecystokinin

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3
Q

What are the specialized cells found in the endocrine portion of the pancreas?

A

Islets of Langerhans

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4
Q

Which radiographic procedure involves the insertion of a needle into the biliary tree by puncture through the abdominal wall?

A

PTC

-Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography

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5
Q

Which imaging modality has almost 100% accuracy for the detection of cholelithiasis?

A

Diagnostic Medical Sonography

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6
Q

The radiographic appearance of a porcelain gallbladder is often an indication of:

A

Carcinoma of the gallbladder

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7
Q

Hepatitis B is caused by a ____.

A

Transmitted parenterally through infected serum or blood products

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8
Q

The presence of bilirubin in the bloodstream causes:

A

Jaundice

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9
Q

Which enzyme begins to autodigest the pancreas with pancreatitis?

A

Trypsin

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10
Q

What are statistical information regarding cholelithiasis?

A
  • 20% of all persons in U.S. developing them by age 65

- Women more likely to get them than men

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11
Q

A malignant liver tumor is an:

A

Hepatoma

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12
Q

The noninvasive modality of choice for visualization of gallbladder diseases that does not use ionizing radiation is:

A

Diagnostic Medical Sonography

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13
Q

The condition in which a gallstone erodes from the gallbladder and creates a fistula to the small bowel is:

A

Gallstone ileus

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14
Q

Repeated attacks of acute cholecystisis cause:

A
  • Damage to gallbladder
  • Thickening of the walls
  • Decreased function
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15
Q

What is the function of beta cells found in the pancreas?

A

Produce insulin

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16
Q

What are reasons for the presence of gas in the biliary tree?

A

Result of a spontaneous fistula, as might be seen in gallstone ileus, or postoperative biliary anastomosis

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17
Q

What pathologic condition is caused by hepatocellular dysfunction?

A

Medical jaundice

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18
Q

What imaging procedure visualizes the biliary tree and main pancreatic duct with a fiberoptic endoscope passed through the duodenum?

A

ERCP

-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatogram

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19
Q

What imaging modality provides a noninvasive method of evaluating hepatic function as well as hepatic and splenic perfusion?

A

SPECT

-Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography

20
Q

What is a chronic liver condition in which the liver parenchyma is destroyed, fibrous tissue is deposited, and regenerative nodules are formed?

A

Cirrhosis

21
Q

What may be caused by cirrhosis?

A

Impaired liver function

22
Q

Individuals with cirrhosis have an increased risk of developing:

A

Esophageal varices.

Collateral venous connections to the vena cava

23
Q

What term describes a fluid collection within the pancreas as a result of pancreatitis?

A

A pseudocyst

24
Q

Which palliative procedure involves placement of a shunt to divert the pressure caused by portal hypertension?

A

TIPPS

25
Q

What is the most contagious form of hepatitis and is located in excreted fecal material?

A

Hepatitis A

26
Q

How is viral hepatitis usually diagnosed?

A

Lab tests (carried in blood)

27
Q

What are major sonographic criterion when imaging gallstones?

A
  • Echogenic focus
  • Acoustic shadowing below the stone
  • Gravitational dependence
28
Q

What type of benign liver tumor is linked to the usage of oral contraceptives?

A

Hepatocellular adenomas

29
Q

What is the most commonly occurring liver tumor?

A

Hemangioma

30
Q

Signs or symptoms associated with hepatocellular carcinoma include:

A
  • Increased jaudice
  • Abdominal pain
  • Weight loss
  • RUQ mass
  • Ascites
  • Rapid increase in liver size
31
Q

Metastatic lesions are much more common than ________ lesions due to the liver function of blood filtration, and pathogens and cancer cells can be transported through blood.

A

Primary carcinoma

32
Q

A porcelain gallbladder can be a precursor to gallbladder ______.

A

Carcinoma

33
Q

What is the fifth most common cause of cancer death in the U.S. and has a 5-year survival rate of 2%?

A

Pancreatic cancer

34
Q

Fatty infiltration:

A

Subtractive

-CT and sonography

35
Q

Cirrhosis:

A

Both additive and subtractive

-CT

36
Q

Ascites:

A

Additive

-CT and sonography

37
Q

Hepatitis:

A

No technical change

-CT, MRI, nuclear medicine, and sonography

38
Q

Cholecystitis:

A

No technical change

-Sonography and CT

39
Q

Cholelithiasis:

A

Additive, calcified stones

-Sonography and CT

40
Q

Pancreatitis:

A

No technical change

-CT, ERCP, and sonography

41
Q

Hemangioma:

A

No technical change

-CT, nuclear medicine, angiography, and sonography

42
Q

Hepatoma:

A

Additive

-CT and nuclear medicine

43
Q

Hepatocellular adenoma:

A

Additive

-CT and sonography

44
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma:

A

Subtractive

-CT, MRI, and sonography

45
Q

Metastatic disease of the liver:

A

Subtractive

-CT, MRI, and sonography

46
Q

Carcinoma of the gallbladder:

A

No technical change

-CT and sonography

47
Q

Carcinoma of the pancreas:

A

Additive

-CT and sonography

Pathology (6 decks)

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