Ch. 6 Hepatobiliary System Flashcards
What two biliary ducts unite to form the common bile duct?
The right and left hepatic ducts
Which hormone stimulates the release of bile into the duodenum?
Cholecystokinin
What are the specialized cells found in the endocrine portion of the pancreas?
Islets of Langerhans
Which radiographic procedure involves the insertion of a needle into the biliary tree by puncture through the abdominal wall?
PTC
-Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography
Which imaging modality has almost 100% accuracy for the detection of cholelithiasis?
Diagnostic Medical Sonography
The radiographic appearance of a porcelain gallbladder is often an indication of:
Carcinoma of the gallbladder
Hepatitis B is caused by a ____.
Transmitted parenterally through infected serum or blood products
The presence of bilirubin in the bloodstream causes:
Jaundice
Which enzyme begins to autodigest the pancreas with pancreatitis?
Trypsin
What are statistical information regarding cholelithiasis?
- 20% of all persons in U.S. developing them by age 65
- Women more likely to get them than men
A malignant liver tumor is an:
Hepatoma
The noninvasive modality of choice for visualization of gallbladder diseases that does not use ionizing radiation is:
Diagnostic Medical Sonography
The condition in which a gallstone erodes from the gallbladder and creates a fistula to the small bowel is:
Gallstone ileus
Repeated attacks of acute cholecystisis cause:
- Damage to gallbladder
- Thickening of the walls
- Decreased function
What is the function of beta cells found in the pancreas?
Produce insulin
What are reasons for the presence of gas in the biliary tree?
Result of a spontaneous fistula, as might be seen in gallstone ileus, or postoperative biliary anastomosis
What pathologic condition is caused by hepatocellular dysfunction?
Medical jaundice
What imaging procedure visualizes the biliary tree and main pancreatic duct with a fiberoptic endoscope passed through the duodenum?
ERCP
-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatogram
What imaging modality provides a noninvasive method of evaluating hepatic function as well as hepatic and splenic perfusion?
SPECT
-Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography
What is a chronic liver condition in which the liver parenchyma is destroyed, fibrous tissue is deposited, and regenerative nodules are formed?
Cirrhosis
What may be caused by cirrhosis?
Impaired liver function
Individuals with cirrhosis have an increased risk of developing:
Esophageal varices.
Collateral venous connections to the vena cava
What term describes a fluid collection within the pancreas as a result of pancreatitis?
A pseudocyst
Which palliative procedure involves placement of a shunt to divert the pressure caused by portal hypertension?
TIPPS
What is the most contagious form of hepatitis and is located in excreted fecal material?
Hepatitis A
How is viral hepatitis usually diagnosed?
Lab tests (carried in blood)
What are major sonographic criterion when imaging gallstones?
- Echogenic focus
- Acoustic shadowing below the stone
- Gravitational dependence
What type of benign liver tumor is linked to the usage of oral contraceptives?
Hepatocellular adenomas
What is the most commonly occurring liver tumor?
Hemangioma
Signs or symptoms associated with hepatocellular carcinoma include:
- Increased jaudice
- Abdominal pain
- Weight loss
- RUQ mass
- Ascites
- Rapid increase in liver size
Metastatic lesions are much more common than ________ lesions due to the liver function of blood filtration, and pathogens and cancer cells can be transported through blood.
Primary carcinoma
A porcelain gallbladder can be a precursor to gallbladder ______.
Carcinoma
What is the fifth most common cause of cancer death in the U.S. and has a 5-year survival rate of 2%?
Pancreatic cancer
Fatty infiltration:
Subtractive
-CT and sonography
Cirrhosis:
Both additive and subtractive
-CT
Ascites:
Additive
-CT and sonography
Hepatitis:
No technical change
-CT, MRI, nuclear medicine, and sonography
Cholecystitis:
No technical change
-Sonography and CT
Cholelithiasis:
Additive, calcified stones
-Sonography and CT
Pancreatitis:
No technical change
-CT, ERCP, and sonography
Hemangioma:
No technical change
-CT, nuclear medicine, angiography, and sonography
Hepatoma:
Additive
-CT and nuclear medicine
Hepatocellular adenoma:
Additive
-CT and sonography
Hepatocellular carcinoma:
Subtractive
-CT, MRI, and sonography
Metastatic disease of the liver:
Subtractive
-CT, MRI, and sonography
Carcinoma of the gallbladder:
No technical change
-CT and sonography
Carcinoma of the pancreas:
Additive
-CT and sonography
