Ch 8/9 Parties & Interest Groups Flashcards

1
Q

Sources of Party Identification (5)

which political party we identify with, drive us into a party

A

Parents (if politically active-> strong influence) (most)
Political Personalities
Events
Spouse
Social Issues (like abortion join party bc of issue)

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2
Q
Political Parties 
What do political parties do? 
#1 role
A

get ppl elected (purpose of getting ppl in)

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3
Q

Political Parties

What do political parties do?

A
Facilitate voting
Organize the planks of the platform
Form coalitions
Recruit candidates 
Polling
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4
Q

Political Parties

What do political parties do? Facilitate voting

A

Facilitate voting; (don’t need to know candidates, just party) (don’t have to think, make voting easier by listing R or D)

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5
Q

Political Parties
What do political parties do?
Organize the planks of the platform

A

Organize the planks of the platform
(person on platform above everyone else)
(planks=individual issues->make platform if their ideas were strong) (advocate standing on firm issues) (now it’s just a written document of most recent platforms, was literal but now book)

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6
Q

Political Parties

What do political parties do? Form coalitions

A
Form coalitions (groups like-minded)
(sub-groups of ppl, want as many as possible (ex: middle-aged white men))
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7
Q

Political Parties

What do political parties do? Recruit candidates

A

Recruit candidates (party brings you up to run, limited # do it on their own)

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8
Q

Political Parties

What do political parties do? Polling

A

Polling; get-out-the-vote; funding& additional campaign activities
(get-out-the-vote:political party makes sure their members show up on election day (ex: drive you up to vote @ poll))

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9
Q

Political Party Time-Line (creation of 2 party system)*

ppl establishing party?

A

Anti Feds- T.Jefferson= Republican Democrats Jackson=Democrats
Feds- Lincoln= Republicans

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10
Q
Realignment & cross-cutting issues
def realignment?
A

events that change the majority of registered voters from one party to another& that force polarization = realigning elections
(participated by major cross-cutting issue (ex: Civil War, Great Depression))

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11
Q

Realignment & cross-cutting issues

how long does realignment usually last?

A

25-30 yr cycle (generally last this long & then sway groups after major issue)

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12
Q

Cross-cutting issues

def? list of issues? (7)

A

big enough issue to move ppl from one party to another

  • slavery
  • econ pop
  • prohibition
  • new deal
  • civil rights (& Dixiecrats)
  • american war in vietnam
  • reagan revolution
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13
Q

Republican Realignment? yes or no?

A

Hadn’t been, democrats still holding their own

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14
Q

Republican Realignment? why hadn’t their been one? true realignment? ex?

A

massive change in party affiliation

-reagan got southern democrats support, but they didn’t identify as republicans

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15
Q

Republican Realignment? De-alignment?

A

instead of ppl lining up for 1 party, ppl became independent (not affiliated w/ party at all)

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16
Q

Loyalty trends- Republicans (8)

A
Chambers of Commerce
Non-College white men
The Southwest
Cuban Americans
Professionals, executives, & white collar workers, the financial industry
Protestants & Evangelicals
Married couples
Conservatives...
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17
Q

Loyalty trends- Republicans

Chambers of Commerce

A

small business association, local business ppl band together to promote their town/small businesses
-ex) want to open real-estate in Medina

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18
Q

Loyalty trends- Republicans

non-college white men

A

vote republican bc belief on taxation (like commerce)
bc threatened by other subgroups for jobs
(not many expansive views, set mindset)

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19
Q

Loyalty trends- Republicans

The Southwest

A

(Mexico, Arizona) bc independent ppl there, don’t want help, individualists (like Cowboy irony), less gov
retired ppl live here, already made their money, don’t want gov taking away their savings

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20
Q

Loyalty trends- Republicans

Protestants & Evangelicals

A

protestant: protest Catholic church which was very vertical, need individual relationship w/ God, interpret Bible way they want (like southwest, smaller gov)

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21
Q

Loyalty trends- Republicans

Cuban Americans

A

ideology if free market capitalism, anti-communistic
left Cuba bc Castro was Communist
republicans seen as less socialistic than Demo. (ObamaCare= socialistic, redistributing wealth)

22
Q

Loyalty trends- Republicans

Professionals, executives, & white collar workers, the financial industry

A

business owners, worked hard & want to keep earnings

23
Q

Loyalty trends- Republicans

married couples

A

settling down

24
Q

Loyalty Trends- Democrats (8)

A
Labor union members
Women & college educated men
Over 80% African Americans & Hispanics
Young people
Catholics (until Bush) & Jews 
Financial industry, & so-called "neoliberals)
Widows
Liberals...
25
Q

Loyalty Trends- Democrats

Labor union members

A

hard-working guys & managers nicely dressed

-management:republican, workers:democratic

26
Q

Loyalty Trends- Democrats

Women & college educated men

A

liberal arts college
break into work force at expense of white men
women-appeal to equality and having choice (like abortion)
more nurturing than republicans

27
Q

Loyalty Trends- Democrats

Over 80% African Americans & Hispanics

A

minorities, democrats reach out & help, not on your own

28
Q

Loyalty Trends- Democrats

Young people

A

follow Kennedy bc gave message of inspiration & future

PROGRESSION

29
Q

Loyalty Trends- Democrats

Catholics (until Bush) & Jews

A

BUSH- Abortion pro-life conflicted w/ Catholic

catholics opposite of protestants

30
Q

Loyalty Trends- Democrats

Financial industry, & so-called “neoliberals)

A

neoliberal- new liberal in favor of gov expansive programs but also in favor of not so anti-capitalistic policies
less business-type but have support from group

31
Q

Loyalty Trends- Democrats

Widows

A

need help from community, not like retired

dependent on ppl

32
Q

Declining Party Loyalty?

A
# of independents in U.S. rose 
(only competing for 3-4& of ppl w/ campaigns)
33
Q

Declining Party Loyalty? “leaning”?

A

lean to 1 party or the other (independents)

34
Q

The Party’s Over?

causes of decline (loyalty)?

A

(Broder’s book, parties in decline)
billionaires (not brought up by party)
ticket-splitting (pick both d & r)
SIGs
Coalitions: compromise v solve (not taking on issues head-on)
Avoid cross-cutting issues (never address the issue ex: immigration)

35
Q

Party decline remedies (4)

A

less media candidates; more conviction
more candidate support of platform
fund the party (ideas) over the person
publicly funded elections

36
Q

Party decline remedies

less media candidates; more conviction

A

we follow ppl we like they’re a product (charmed), but need to look @ their policies

37
Q

Party decline remedies

more candidate support of platform

A

tend to be saying things only to get elected, but need them to follow pledge (ex: youre republican & should be here on these issues (planks)) (party defines platform)
allow deviation, but need them to be more true

38
Q

Party decline remedies

fund the party (ideas) over the person

A

candidate just charmed product, let party play the role

less enthusiastic now) (advertising politics-> interested in it & predictable

39
Q

Party decline remedies

publicly funded elections

A

$$ doesn’t go to candidates, goes to campaigns

billionaires & corps couldn’t put themselves in

40
Q

Third Parties

A

so-called 5 party system (eras)
third parties make progress when major parties fail to incorporate new ideas, groups, or nominate attractive candidates
(bring ideas in & hope 1 of major parties co-ops those ideas to gain followers)
-ex: immigration, 3rd party goes to D&R, wants 1 to adopt same view & we’ll support you, if not they’ll support us

41
Q

Minority party successes

how many have won electoral votes? who? who didn’t but had influence?

A
only 8 third parties have won any electoral votes in a presidential contest, 2 of them were:
1968: George Wallace 
1912: Teddy Roosevelt 
Other notable mentions:
Ross Perot, Ralph Nader
42
Q

Why 3rd parties tend to remain minor? (3)

A

winner-take-all-elections
hard to get on ballot
catch 22: plausibility, funding, media attention

43
Q

why do ppl organize?

A

strength in #’s

psychology, not the only one

44
Q

what’s wrong w/ a bunch of like-minded ppl getting together?

is it constitutional?

A

nothing wrong, peaceable assemble, naturally occurring for ppl to show grievances
yes, legitimate (it’s how coalitions & SIGs are formed)

45
Q

Special interest groups goals (4)

A

sway public policy
pursue & protect goals
motivate ppl to work together
represent member’s interests

46
Q

history of special interest groups

A
Anti-Catholic Know-Nothings (1840s)
Abolition groups (opposed to slavery)
1880's: trade unions (truckers, plumbers, etc.)
Prohibition/women's vote 
Civil Rights
Environment
47
Q

Typology (classifications) of SIGs

A

membership, institutional, issue/policy, industry

48
Q

Lobbying & the new face of SIGs

lobbying? career? #1 job?

A

(how they influence)
attempting to influence policy &/or legislative process
-post-congressional career (25-50%)
#1 job: consultant/expert in issue

49
Q

what makes an interest group successful? (3)

ultimate goal?

A

leadership, dedicated members, organization
adequate funding
notion of collective good
ULTIMATE GOAL: Influence Policy

50
Q

Pushing back
grassroots lobbying
protest activities
what drives all politics?

A

(not powerless against SIGs: voting drives all politics)
grassroots lobbying:
-door-to-door information drives; petition drives & internet drives
protest activities (show dislike)
-nonviolent marches -civil disobedience