Ch 3 Federalism

Question 1

Federalism

Answer 1

power sharing arrangement btwn national and local govs

Question 2

Unitary Government

who has the power? how does the power flow?

Answer 2

Unitary Central Gov’t (national gov has all power)

power flows from central to satellites; can be granted or withdrawn

Question 3

Confederal Gov’t (used in Articles of Confederation)

who has the power? how does the power flow?

Answer 3

(states granted power to central)

Power flows from satellites to each other and to central; can be granted or withdrawn

Question 4

Federal Gov’t

who has the power? how does the power flow?

Answer 4

(similar to unitary) (diff bc satellite power flow back & forth)
Power flows to & from as stipulated by constitution

Question 5

Federalism: 4 basic tenets (markets what gov. is)

Answer 5

1) National (central) gov. law supreme (Article 6 of Const.)
2) National gov. biggest/most $$ (biggest economy,bigger than states)
3) National gov. can act direct w/ citizens(HOR=national directed ppl elected by the ppl)
4) States can’t opt-out (like Civil War)

Question 6

Federalism: separation of powers

what are the 3 different types of power?

Answer 6

enumerated
implied
concurrent

Question 7

Federalism: separation of powers

Enumerated, def?

Answer 7

powers that are NUMBERED for Congress in the Constitution

Question 8

Federalism: separation of powers

Implied, def?

Answer 8

not listed powers in constitution, flow from powers that are listed to them (implied powers)
ex: Congress has power to raise army->implied that they can draft

Question 9

Federalism: separation of powers

Concurrent, def?

Answer 9

powers shared by highest level (national) & lowest (states & countries)

Question 10

Establishing federal supremacy 
Article 6 (centripetal)

Answer 10

(supremacy clause)

draws from outside in toward center (toward D.C. in fed. gov.)

Question 11

Establishing federal supremacy 
10th Amendment (centrifugal)

Answer 11

power forces things outward (power not given to federal automatically goes to states)

Question 12

why is there limited gov. by the constitution?

Answer 12

bc they only list what CAN be done & it is governed by the ppl
-written set of rules must follow & ppl get to approve of them

Question 13

McCulloch v. Maryland

Answer 13

McCulloch wanted back in Maryland, but Maryland did not want big federal bank bc it would be hard for their local bankers to do business. But had to allow back so they said bank had to give tax to them. Supreme Ct. said no bc state would have power over federal & that’s confederacy (which we already said no to via AOC)
-debate of federal supremacy=not all that clear

Question 14

John Calhoun: Nullification

Answer 14

states have choice of obeying federal laws according to their own discretion
recreation of confederacy
(resulted in Civil War)

Question 15

National Powers (federal) (6)

Answer 15

Coin money
Conduct foreign affairs
Regulate commerce: interstate/international (important when nation expanded)
Army/Navy
Declare war

Question 16

Concurrent (both national & state) powers (7)

Answer 16

Spend $$ for general welfare
Take & reserve private property for public use (w/ just compensation)
Establish courts
Make & enforce laws
Tax
Borrow $$
Charter banks & corporations (like McCulloch)

Question 17

satellites are aka

Answer 17

the states

Question 18

State’s powers (6)

Answer 18

Establish local governments (ex: township sends to Columbus to become independent)
Regulate intrastate commerce (eg. “Blue laws”, booze, etc)
-within state @ local level, allow certain businesses in Brookpark but not Parma
Regulate time/place of elections (state to state poll access)
Ratify amendments to Constitution
Police powers: public safety, welfare, morality, restaurants
Exert powers not delegated to national gov (10th amend.)

Question 19

Cons of Federalism/sharing

5

Answer 19

• Devalues resources (fed gives to state/local so they’re irresponsible w/ it ex: bday $
• Foments jurisdictional conflict (if unitary only 1 gov, no back and forth)
• Foments corruption (local more corrupt bc it’s more accessible to ppl, national=more difficult to reach)
• Loss of accountability (gov=right->everyone wants credit, wrong->blame bc lots of diff. ppl)
• Voter apathy (local doesn’t matter, only 1 gov-> greater participation)

Question 20

Pros of Federalism/sharing (3)

Answer 20

• Allows for flexibility (OH vs Virginia life, adjust for diverse states)
• Allows for national action
• Diffuses power (‘republican” form)

Question 21

“Intergovernmentalism”

def? all have what?

Answer 21

(effort to have layers of gov work together on things)

states, countries, and cities all have lobbyist in D.C.

Question 22

“Intergovernmentalism”

what are “empowerment zones”?

Answer 22

(areas that help w/ federal funding)(gov helped OH to boost economy)

Question 23

"Intergovernmentalism"
Federal aid (aka grant) in what 2 forms?

Answer 23

Categorical
Block Grants
(both giving $ to the state)

Question 24

“Intergovernmentalism”
Categorical grants
def & who prefers this?

Answer 24

detailed grant dictated by ppl lending $ (Congress prefers this way bc they can take credit for lending $)

Question 25

“Intergovernmentalism”

Block Grants

Answer 25

give $ & let state & local level decide how it should be spent (ppl receiving prefer this)

Question 26

“Intergovernmentalism”

what is the opposite form of granting called? def? ex?

Answer 26

Un-funded mandate- law from federal gov demanding states do something w/o helping them pay for it
ex) after 9/11 told states to put together emergency plans

Question 27

Federalism as Cake

what are the different types of federalism?

Answer 27

Dual Federalism
Cooperative Federalism
Devolution & New Federalism

Question 28

Dual Federalism

Answer 28

layer cake= HIGHLY DIVIDED

-fed gov has its layer & then state & then local

Question 29

Cooperative Federalism (dual->WW2->cooperative)

Answer 29

marble cake

-all work together, mix

Question 30

Devolution & New Federalism (cooperative->postwar)

Answer 30

reversing evolution process to go back to dual

-cooperative failing-> return back to dual