Ch 7 Media Flashcards
Media Consumption
Avg HS graduate has spent more time ____ than being in school
watching TV
Media Consumption
Adults avg ___ hrs/day of leisure time: ___ of it watching TV
7 hrs/day
3/4 of it watching TV
Media Consumption
__ is the most popular & trusted source of news
TV
Print v. Broadcast
Print benefits? (3)
Allows for personal editing & re reading for greater understanding (B. cast they give you what they think you need)
Requires readers to think
Much more detail & facts
Print v. Broadcast
Broadcast benefits? (4) what is a Broadcast?
B-cast: non-verbal cues (sarcasm, expressions, etc.) Easier Imparts contextual imagery Fast, often immediate Gives reality
Network Programming
what is it? broadcasts fill how much of the newspaper?
A full transcript of the typical nightly network news broadcasts would fill about half the front page of an avg. daily newspaper
Media Functions (2)
Surveillance & report
Interpret
Media Functions: Surveillance & report
“muckraking” (pig manure moving)
- uncover & illuminate things we might not already now
- uncover unpleasant stuff for the ppl
ex) 60 minutes
Media Functions: Interpret
media tells us what it means, how import it is (spin)
Media Models (4)
Mirror
Professional
Organizational
Political
Media Models: Mirror
news report “reflect”
-camera crew just gives you what it looks like
-hold up mirror and let you see it: straight fact
(preferred method)
Media Models: Professional
skilled ppl construct news
-experts in field we expect them to interpret news bc we don’t know everything & just knowing facts won’t help
Media Models: Organizational
product of inherent pressures of organizational process(s) (instiutional model)
- have facts reported but facts change depending on organization
- like the game telephone, no intention to change
Media Models: Political
specific idiosyncratic & ideological bent:
-take info & writers cast/bias story 1 way or another
(ones intended to bias & others don’t)
Media Constraints (3) (prevents them from doing anything they want)
Legal
Normative
Economic
Media Constraints: Legal
laws against falsehoods; FCC
-prevention of libel, slander, etc.
Media Constraints: Normative
societal norms require consideration:
- things can’t say bc society wouldn’t approve
- ex) Breast exposed on Tv
- what you can say & do can flux (changing w/ time)
Media Constraints: Economic
(media all owned by major corporations) CBS-Westinghouse NBC- General Electric ABC- Disney CNN- Time Warner FOX- NewsCorp (20th Century) -ethical ?'s dealing w/ what they know: ex) CBS smoking affects didn't present problems->looked bad when didn't just bc they owned part of it
Effects: report or determine?
impressionistic, def? ex?
Impressionistic: news and media make America seem like war zone
ex: foreigner comes to U.S. listens to news sees US as war zone, humanity doesn’t make it on news
Effects: report or determine? Engenders Ethnocentrism "Bernie Sacked" "The World Series Earthquake" Tyndal Report
Engenders Ethnocentrism (certain culture's fixated on their importance, America publicized all over the world) "Bernie Sacked" (QB CLE fired most important story) "The World Series Earthquake" (SF 50-60 killed, week long publicized more important than others) Tyndal Report: 1989: 3733min 1996: 1838 min -measures time spent on news around world rather than domestic
Bias
journalists self-identify as? editors? radio?
Most media companies are owned by major corporations
-bias continues market based economy (their businesses)
Many journalists self-identify as liberal (left leaning) bc had college experience more exposed to world
Editors & publishers conservative bc have more to protect
Conservatives bias-talk radio (liberal couldn’t bc audience was taken)
Imperviousness of Beliefs
do we take in new info or reject it ? why ?
Emotion overrides reason. Ppl search for “comfortable” info that “fits” w/ pre-existing beliefs & screen out or reject info w/ which they disagree
- reportage that doesn’t fit w/ you doesn’t change their mind; just is rejected
- seek out info that agrees with us
Media’s Influence
one exception that’s influential?
media is not nearly as influential as most ppl w/ ONE exception
- Media can be very influential in international/foreign affairs
- bc we don’t have preconception notions on
- easy to reject if telling story about in our backyard
Blogging
Factual? Illuminating? Annoying Democratic?
F: not likely
I: Can be
A: Yes
D: Yes, but not done w/ professionalism
