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ACE PT > Ch. 7 Resting Assessments and Anthropometric Measurements > Flashcards

Ch. 7 Resting Assessments and Anthropometric Measurements Flashcards

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1
Q

For what reasons are baseline assessments conducted?

A
  • Identify areas of health/injury risk for potential referrals
  • Collect baseline data that can be used to develop a personalized cardiorespiratory and muscular training program and allow for comparison of subsequent evaluations
  • Educate clients about their present physical condition and health risks by comparing their results to normative data for age and sex
  • Motivate clients by helping them establish realistic goals
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2
Q

Because past performance is a critical source of self-efficacy information, each early experience should be focused on ___________________________________.

A

Creating success and building confidence

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3
Q

What assessments merit consideration?

A
  • Resting vital signs (heart rate, BP, height, weight)
  • Static posture and movement assessments
  • Joint flexibility and muscle length
  • Balance and core functions
  • Cardiorespiratory fitness
  • Body composition and anthropometry
  • Muscular fitness (muscular endurance & strength)
  • Skill related parameters (agility, coordination, power, reactivity, speed)
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4
Q

What are the ways to be prepared professionally for assessments with clients?

A
  • Distribution of instructions in advance of assessments that outline client’s responsibilities (clothing, eating & hydration, abstaining from stimulants)
  • Obtaining a signed informed consent from the client (ethical and legal standpoints)
  • Organization of all necessary documentation forms, data sheets, and assessment tables
  • Communication and demonstration skills, clearly explaining the assessments, sequence, and instructions in a calm, confident manner
  • Calibration and proper working condition of all exercise equipment
  • Environmental control (temp = 68-72F / >60% humidity)
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5
Q

For HR, where is the radial artery?

A

The ventral aspect of the wrist on the side of the thumb

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6
Q

For HR, where is the carotid artery?

A

In the neck, lateral to the trachea (should not push down too hard)

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7
Q

What is the traditional classification system to categorize resting HR?

A
  • Sinus bradycardia (slow HR): <60 bpm
  • Normal sinus rhythm: 60-100 bpm
  • Sinus tachycardia (fast HR): >100 bpm
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8
Q

What is the average HR bpm in males?

A

60-70 bpm

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9
Q

What is the average HR bpm in females?

A

72-80 bpm

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10
Q

What is blood pressue?

A

The outward force exerted by the blood on the vessel walls

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11
Q

What is systolic blood pressure?

A
  • The higher number and represents the pressure created by the heart as it pumps blood in circulation via ventricular contraction (systole)
  • Represent the greatest pressure during one cardiac cycle
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12
Q

What is diastolic blood pressure?

A
  • The lower number and represents the pressure that is exerted on the artery walls as blood remains in the arteries during the filling phase of the cardiac cycle or between beats when the heart relaxes
  • It is the lowest pressure during one cardiac cycle
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13
Q

Where is heart BP generally measured at?

A

The brachial artery (arm)

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14
Q

What are the categories of SBP & DBP in adults?

A

Normal

  • SBP: <120 mmHg
  • DBP: <80 mmHg

Elevated

  • SBP: 120-129 mmHg
  • DPB: <80 mmHg
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15
Q

What are the categories of BP hypertension?

A

Stage 1

  • SBP: 130-139 mmHg
  • DBP: 80-89 mmHg

Stage 2

  • SBP: >140 mmHg
  • DBP: >90 mmHg
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16
Q

What is lean body mass composed of?

A
  • Muscles, connective tissue, bones, blood, nervous tissue, skin, and organs
  • Metabolically active tissue that allow the body to perform work
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17
Q

What is a certain amount of body fat necessary for?

A
  • Insulation and thermoregulation, hormone production, cushioning of vital organs, and maintenance of certain body functions
  • AKA essential body fat
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18
Q

What is the essential body fat percentage for men and women?

A
  • Men: 2-5%

- Women: 10-13%

19
Q

What does overweight mean?

A
  • An excess body weight relative to a person’s height

- Excess body weight could be attributed to either fat mass or lean tissue

20
Q

What does overfat mean?

A

Indicates an excess amount of body fat

21
Q

What is considered the benchmark for measuring body composition?

A

Hydrostatic weighing (underwater weighing)

22
Q

Hydrostatic weighing is based on the Archimedes Principle which is:

A

Density= Mass/Volume

23
Q

What is considered the most practical assessment tool for measuring body fat?

A

Skinfold measurements

24
Q

What is the expected change and timeline for body fat?

A

A decrease in 2.7-5.9% in 2-3 months

25
Q

What is the expected change and timeline for waist circumfrence?

A

A decrease in 1.9-3.3 cm in 2-3 months

26
Q

What is body weight made up of?

A

Bone, lean tissue (primarily muscle), and fat

27
Q

What are the classifications of BMI?

A
  • Underweight = <18.5
  • Normal= 18.5-24.9
  • Overweight= 25.0-29.9
  • Obesity= 30.0-39.9
  • Extreme obesity= >40.0
28
Q

What diseases become more common as BMI increases?

A
  • Stroke, heart disease, certain types of cancer, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension
29
Q

How do you calculate BMI?

A
  • Weight (kg) / Height (in)

- [Weight (lb) / Height (in)] x 703

30
Q

When taking circumference measurements, what procedures must be followed in accordance with established guidelines?

A
  • When measuring body circumferences, it is important to measure precisely and consistently
  • All measurements should be made with a non-elastic, yet flexible tape
  • The tape should be snug against the skin’s surface w/out pressing into the subcutaneous layers. Clients being assessed should wear think, form=fitting materials that allow for accurate measurements
  • PTs should rotate through the battery of sites, initially measuring each site only once
  • Duplicate measurements should be taken at each site. If recorded values are not within 5 mm, it is necessary to remeasure. PTs should wait 20-30 seconds between measurements to allow the skin and subcutaneous tissue to return to their normal positions
31
Q

How do you measure abdominal circumference?

A
  • With the client standing upright with arms at the sides, feet together, and abdomen relaxed, a horizontal measure is taken at the height of the iliac crest, typically level with the umbilicus (belly button)
32
Q

How do you measure hip circumference?

A
  • With the client standing erect, and the feet together, a horizontal measure is taken at the maximal circumference of the buttocks
33
Q

How do you measure waist circumference?

A
  • With the client standing upright with arms at the sides, feet together, and abdomen relaxed, a horizontal measure is taken at the narrowest part of the torso (above the umbilicus and below the xiphoid process)
34
Q

How do you measure biceps circumference?

A
  • With the client standing upright with arms hanging freely at the sides and the hands facing the thighs, a horizontal measure is taken midway between the acromion and olecranon process
35
Q

How do you measure midthigh circumference?

A
  • With a client standing with one foot on a bench so the knee is flexed 90 degrees, a measure is taken midway between the inguinal crease (the crease between the torso and thigh) and the proximal border of the patella, perpendicular to the tibia
36
Q

What health risks are associated with every 1-inch (2.5 cm) increase in waist circumference in men?

A
  • BP increases by 10%
  • Blood cholesterol level increases by 8%
  • High-density lipoprotein (HDL) decreases by 15%
  • Triglycerides increase by 18%
  • Metabolic syndrome risk increases by 18%
37
Q

What does the wait-to-hip-ratio (WHR) differentiate?

A

Helps differentiate individuals with android body-fat patterns from those who have gynoid body-fat patterns

38
Q

What is an android body-fat pattern associated with?

A
  • Masculine- apple shape

- Carry excess fat in the abdominal area

39
Q

What is a gynoid body-fat pattern associated with?

A
  • Feminine- pear shape

- Carry excess fat in the hips and thighs area

40
Q

What is excess visceral fat associated with?

A
  • Insulin resistance
  • Many types of inflammation in the body
  • The production of blood lipids
41
Q

How do you find the waist-to-hip-ratio?

A

Waist measurement/hip measurement

42
Q

What are the risk categories and waist circumferences associated with each in females?

A
  • Very low = < 27.3 in
  • Low = 27.3 - 34.7 in
  • High = 35.1 -42.5 in
  • Very high = > 42.9 in
43
Q

What are the risk categories and waist circumferences associated with each in males?

A
  • Very low = < 31.2 in
  • Low = 31.2 - 38.6 in
  • High = 39 - 46.8 in
  • Very high = > 46.8 in

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