Ch. 5 Preparticipation Health Screening Flashcards
Who is the risk of acute myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death the most highest among?
Individuals with underlying cardiovascular disease who perform a level of physical activity to which they are not accustomed to
What are the 3 health-screening factors that have been identified as important risk modulators of exercise related cardiovascular events?
- The individual’s current level of physical activity
- Diagnosed cardiovascular disease, metabolic, or renal disease and/or the presence of signs or symptoms of cardiovascular, metabolic, or renal disease
- The desired exercise intensity
The 3 goals of the health-screening process are to identify individuals:
- Who should receive medical clearance before initiating an exercise program or increasing the frequency, intensity, or volume of their current program
- With clinically significant disease(s) who may benefit from participating in a medically supervised exercise program
- With medical conditions that may require exclusion from exercise programs until those conditions are resolved or better controlled
What are some of the signs of cardiovascular, metabolic, or renal diseases?
- Pain; discomfort in the chest, neck, jaw arms, or other areas that my result from myocardial ischemia
- Shortness of breath at rest or with mild exertion (dyspnea)
- Orthopnea (dyspnea in a reclined position) or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (onset is usually 2-5 hours after the beginning of sleep)
- Dizziness, or syncope, most commonly caused by reduced perfusion to the brain
- Ankle edema
- Palpitations or tachycardia
- Intermittent claudication (pain sensations or cramping in the lower extremities during exercise that is associated with inadequate blood supply)
- Known heart murmur
- Unusual fatigue or shortness of breath with usual activities
What are antihypertensives?
Class of drugs used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure)
What are the 4 main areas antihypertensives have an affect on?
- Heart, reduce its force of contraction
- Peripheral blood vessels, open or dilate them to allow more room for the blood
- Brain, reduce the sympathetic nerve outflow
- Kidneys, reduce blood volume by excreting more fluid
What are beta blockers generally prescribed for? And what do they do?
- Commonly prescribed for a variety of cardiovascular and other disorders
- Block beta-adrenergic receptors and limit sympathetic nervous system stimulation = reduce resting, exercise, and maximum heart rates
What are calcium channel blockers generally prescribed for? And what do they do?
- Commonly prescribed for HBP, angina, and heart dysrhythmias (rapid or irregular HR)
- Prevent calcium-dependent contractions of the smooth muscles in the arteries, causes them to dilate, which lowers blood pressure (may lower HR or not)
What are angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors generally prescribed for? And what do they do?
- High BP
- Block an enzyme secreted by the kidneys, preventing the formation of a potent hormone (angiosin II) that constricts blood vessels. If enzyme is blocked, the vessels dilate and BP decreases
What are diuretics generally prescribed for? And what do they do?
- HBP, congestive heart failure
- Medication that increases the excretion of water and electrolytes through the kidneys
- Can compromise hydration status and decreased blood volume, may predispose an exerciser to dehydration
What are bronchodilators generally prescribed for? And what do they do?
- Asthma
- Relax or open the air passages in the lungs, allowing better air exchange. Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system
What are cold medications prescribed for? And what do they do?
- Allergic rhintis, nasal congestion, and asthma
- Stimulate vasoconstriciton to reduce volume of the swollen tissues and results in more air space
- May raise BP and increase HR both at rest and during exercise
