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Laboratory > Ch 7 Malaria > Flashcards

Ch 7 Malaria Flashcards

1
Q

What mosquito transmits malaria?

A

Female Anopheles

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2
Q

Malaria parasite

A

Plasmodium

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3
Q

Injected into human when bitten

A

Sporozites

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4
Q

Sporozoites enter parenchymal cells of liver to become:

A

Schizonts

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5
Q

Development in liver

A

Pre-erythrocytic cycle

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6
Q

Development in liver after RBC invasion

A

Exoerythrocytic cycle

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7
Q

Inside parenchymal cells, Schizonts rupture, releasing _______

These burst out of liver cells to invade RBCs

A

Merozoites

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8
Q

Merozoites develop to form immature (ring stage):

A

Trophozoites

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9
Q

Merozoites feed on:

A

Hgb

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10
Q

Malarial pigment from merozoites is composed of

A

Hematin and protein

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11
Q

Mature trophozoites develop into

A

Schizonts

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12
Q

Schizonts rupture releasing:

A

Merozoites

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13
Q

Derived from merozoites

Differentiation in sexes

A

Gametocyte

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14
Q

What is ingested by the mosquito that starts sexual reproduction?

A

Gametocyte

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15
Q

Beginning of sexual reproduction; production of:

A

Zygote

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16
Q

Fertile zygote excysts, penetrating the midgut wall of the mosquito forming:

A

oocyst

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17
Q

From the mosquito

What matures, ruptures, and releases sprozoites?

A

Oocyst

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18
Q

Mosquito

Sporozoites migrate to the _______, injected into a new host

A

Salivary gland

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19
Q

All stages of the asexual cycle can be demonstrated in a peripheral blood smear with the exception of:

A

P. Falciparum

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20
Q

Only rings and gametocytes:

RBC membrane becomes _______ as parasite matures

A

Sticky

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21
Q

Light blue circular structures with red chromatin dot

A

Ring form of P. Falciparum

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22
Q

Curved sausage/banana shaped with central large chromatin dot covered with centralized mass of hemazoin

A

Macrogametocyte (FEMALE)

23
Q

Shorter and wider than female with rounded ends, diffused chromatin seen with hemozoin granules

A

Microgametocyte (MALE)

24
Q

Considered diagnostic

A

Gametocyte of P. Falciparum

25
Q

Four types of malaria found in humans

A

Plasmodium Falciparum

Plasmodium Vivax

Plasmodium Ovale

Plasmodium Malariae

26
Q

Most fatal: likely to cause intravascular hemolysis

-Fever is prolonged and intensified

A

Plasmodium Falciparum

27
Q

Erythrocytic cycle: Malignant tertian

A

Falciparum

28
Q

Most common

Erythrocytic cycle: Benign Tertian

A

Vivax

29
Q

Erythrocytic cycle: Benign Tertian

A

Ovale

30
Q

Erythrocytic cycle: Benign Quartan

Fever every 3rd day

A

Malariae

31
Q

Blood collection methods for Malaria

A

Capillary (EDTA tube from kit)

Venous blood (EDTA, purple top)

32
Q

Venous blood sample may be stored for up to

A

3 days (2 to 30 degrees C)

33
Q

If blood sample is refrigerated, you should:

A

Allow sample to reach room temperature

34
Q

Rapid Malaria Test materials

A

Test kit cardboard w/ test strip

Reagent A

Capillary tubes

Lancets

(Optional) Venipuncture kit w/ purple top

35
Q

Sample pad

A

Purple

36
Q

Place the blood collected on purple pad until

A

Saturated

37
Q

For venipuncture method, collect ___ microliters

A

15

38
Q

Reagent pad

A

white

39
Q

Place __ drops of Reagent A on white pad

A

2

40
Q

If the mixture does not run through the white test strip in ___, add another drop of reagent

A

1 minute

41
Q

Before the mixture reaches the top of the test strip, add an additional __ drops of reagent strip to the wash pad

A

4

42
Q

When would you remove adhesive and close the kit?

A

When mixture reaches the top of the test strip

43
Q

Read results through the viewing area at:

A

15 minutes

44
Q

Must appear for test to be valid

A

“C” line

45
Q

T1 is positive for:

A

Falciparum

46
Q

T2 is positive for:

A

Vivax

Malariae

Ovale

47
Q

T1 and T2 is positive for

A

Falciparum and a mix of other types

48
Q

Indicates the test is negative

A

Only the “C” line appears

49
Q

Samples must be obtained when the patient is:

A

Febrile

50
Q

Rapid malaria kit will only detect:

A

Antigens

51
Q

Test must be confirmed with a thick and thin smear sent to:

A

NEPMU

52
Q

Cannot be used to monitor treatment progress because:

A

Residual antigens from the parasite can last several days post elimination

53
Q

False positive results in patients with the following:

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

Chronic viral infections (Hep C)

Other blood parasite (Babesia)

54
Q

Smears should be done

A

Frequently but no more than hourly

Laboratory (9 decks)

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