Ch 3 QBC Star Flashcards by Chris Weber | Brainscape

Q

QBC Star Complete Blood Count Results

A

Hematocrit

Hemoglobin

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration

WBCs

Granulocytes

% of Granulocytes

Lymph/Monocytes

% of Lymph/Monocytes

Platelets

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Q

Most frequently ordered lab

A

CBC

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Q

CBC

RBC indices:

A

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

Mean corpuscular Hgb (MCH)

Mean corpuscular Hgb Concentration (MCHC)

RBC distribution width (RDW)

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Q

What is analyzed when a CBC with differential is ordered?

A

Various types of WBCs

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Q

Normal adult male RBC range

A

4.5-5.9 (x106 cells/uL)

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Q

Normal adult female RBC Range

A

4.5-5.1 (x106 cells/uL)

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Q

Anemia causes a disproportionate decrease in:

A

Hct & Hgb

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Q

Hgb ranges in adult males

A

14-17.5 g/dL

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Q

Hgb ranges in adult females

A

12.3-15.3 g/dL

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Q

Hgb critical value (low)

A

<8 g/dL

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Q

Provides a direct indicated of the oxygen-transport capacity of the blood

A

Hgb concentration

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Q

Hct in males

A

42-52%

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Q

Hct in females

A

37-47%

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Q

Ratio of the volume of erythrocytes to that of the whole blood

A

Hematocrit (Hct)

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Q

Hct is usually __ times the Hgb.

A

3

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Q

Red blood cell chracteristics

A

RBC indices

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Q

RBC indices assess

A

Size and Hgb content of the RBC

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Q

MCV normal range

A

76-96 fL/cell

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Q

Estimate of the average size (VOLUME) of RBCs and is the most clinically useful of the RBC indices

A

MCV

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Q

Calculated from the Hct and red cell count

A

MCV

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Q

An increase in the MCV is normally associated with:

A

Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency

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Q

A decrease in MCV is normally associated with:

A

Abnormality in Hgb synthesis, most likely caused by iron deficiency

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Q

Normal range of Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)

A

27-32 pg/cell

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Q

Amount of hemoglobin per RBC

A

MCH

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Q

Increase MCH is seen in:

A

Vitamin B12 and folate deficiency

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Q

Decrease in MCH is seen in:

A

Iron deficiency

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Q

Normal range of Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)

A

30-35 g/dL

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Q

Hemoglobin divided by the hematocrit

A

MCHC

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Q

Normal range of platelets

A

150k-400k/uL

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Q

Critical value (low) platelets, risk of hemorrhage

A

<20,000

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Q

Critical value (high) platelets, risk of thrombosis

A

1,000,000

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Q

Thrombocytosis can be caused by stress and infection but may also be caused by:

A

Splenectomy

Trauma

Iron-deficiency anemia

Cirrhosis

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Q

Thrombocytopenia can be caused by:

A

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)

DIC

Leukemia

Metastatic cancers

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Q

Normal WBC Range

A

4.5-11.0 (x103 cells/mm3)

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Q

Critical (low) value of WBCs

A

<2,000

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Q

Critical (high) value of WBCs

A

30,000

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Q

Tally of the total number of WBCs in a given volume of blood plus the relative percentages of the WBC by type

A

Differential

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Q

Leukopenia may be caused by:

A

Bone marrow deficiency or failure

Collagen-vascular diseases (Lupus)

Disease of the liver or spleen

Radiation therapy or exposure

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Q

Leukocytosis can be caused by:

A

Anemia

Bone marrow tumors

Infectious Diseases

Inflammatory diseases (RH or Allergy)

Leukemia

Severe emotional or physical stress

Tissue damage (burns)

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Q

Differential normal range for:

Neutrophil

A

50-70%

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Q

Differential normal range for:

Bands

A

0-5%

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Q

Differential normal range for:

Eosinophils

A

1-5%

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Q

Differential normal range for:

Basophils

A

0-1%

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Q

Differential normal range for:

Monocytes

A

1-6%

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Q

Differential normal range for:

Lymphocytes

A

20-40%

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Q

Less mature neutrophils known as bands due to the:

A

Cresent shaped nucleus

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Q

Neutrophilia would be caused by

A

An acute infection

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Q

The appearance of band cells in an infection is termed:

A

Left shift

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Q

When neutrophils and or bands are elevated, what decreases?

A

Lymphocytes

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Q

Lymphocytosis is typically an indication of:

A

Viral infection

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Q

Eosinophilia is an indicated of:

A

Parasitic infection

Allergic disorders

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Q

The ratio of the volume of erythrocytes to that of the whole blood

A

Hematocrit

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Q

Hct can be measured directly by:

A

Centrifugation with macro-methods or micro-methods

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Q

Hct can be measured indirectly as the product of:

A

MCV times RBC count in automated instruments

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Q

Hct value below the reference interval of age and sex

A

Anemia

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Q

Hct value above the reference interval of age and sex

A

Polycythemia

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Q

The main function of hemoglobin

A

Transport oxygen from the lungs where tension is high to tissues where tension is low

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Q

The average concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of packed red cells

A

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)

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Q

Hgb/Hct x 100

A

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration

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Q

CBC test, used to determine if patients have bleeding disorders or bone marrow diseases, such as leukemia

A

Platelet Count

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Q

WBCs

Bacterial infections, inflammations, leukemia, trauma, intense exercise, or stress

A

Leukocytosis

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Q

WBCs

Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, diseases of the immune system

A

Leukopenia

Q

Test used to determine infection or leukemia

Helps monitor the body’s response to treatments and bone marrow function

A

WBC

Q

WBCs with granules in their cytoplasm

A

Granulocytes

Q

Granulocytes are also called

A

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN or PML)

Q

Three granulocytes, distinguished by their appearance under Wright Stain:

A

Neutrophil

Eosinophil

Basophil

Q

Most abundant type of phagocyte

Important against infectious disease

50-70% if WBCs

A

Neutrophils

Q

Act as phagocytes and modulate inflammatory response

Inflammatory conditions, allergic reactions, asthma, myocardial diseases

0-5%

A

Eosinophils

Q

Eosinophils are increased with the presence of:

A

Helminths

Q

One of the least abundant cells in the body, 0-1%

Granules are numerous enough to partially conceal the nucleus

Abundant with histamine, heparin, chondroitin sulfate, peroxidase, platelet activating factor, and other substances

A

Basophil

Q

Second most WBC in the body, 20-40%

Causes of reactive:
-Viral
-Bacterial
-Drug Reaction
-Misc (autoimmune disease, allergic reaction, malnutrition, 
   hyperthyroidism)

A

Lymphocyte

Q

Lymphocytosis is present when there is an excess of lymphocytes in:

A

Peripheral blood

Q

Absolute lymphocyte count decreases with:

A

Age

Q

Definition of lymphocytosis

A

4.0 x 10(9)/L

Q

Multiplying the percentage of lymphocytes by the total leukocyte count

A

Absolute lymphocytosis count

Q

Used to describe malignant appearing cells

A

Atypical lymphocytes

Q

Used to describe formed or benign lymphocytes

A

Reactive Lymphocytes

Q

Reactive lymphocytes usually account for less than __% of the total lymphocyte present

A

10%

Q

Other terms used to describe reactive lymphocytes

A

Immunocytes

Transformed lymphocytes

Immunoblasts

Plasmacytoid lymphocytes

Turk cells

Downy Cells

Q

Viral causes of reactive lymphocytes:

A

Adenovirus, Chicken Pox, Cytomegalovirus, EBV (mono), Hepatitis, Herpes Simplex, Herpes Zoster, HIV, Influenza, Paramyxovirus (mumps), Rubella (measles)

Q

Bacterial causes of reactive lymphocytes:

A

Brucellosis

Parathyroid fever

Pertussis

TB

Typhoid fever

Q

Drug reaction causes of reactive lymphocytes

A

During recovery from acute infections (children)

Q

Miscellaneous causes of reactive lymphocytes:

A

Acute infectious lymphocytosis

Allergic reactions

Autoimmune diseases

Hyperthyroidism

Malnutrition

Rickets

Syphilis

Toxoplasmosis

Q

Nuclear convolutions

Lacy, delicate chromatin

Dull gray-blue cytoplasm

Blunt pseudopodia

A

Monocyte

Q

The monocyte is formed in the marrow, transported by blood and migrates to tissues where it transforms into:

A

Histiocyte or macrophage

Q

Makes up the mononuclear phagocyte system (reticuloendothelial system)

A

Blood monocytes and tissue macrophages

Q

The mononuclear phagocyte system has an important role in defense against:

A

Microorganisms: mycobacteria, fungi, bacteria, protozoa, and viruses

Q

Two routine user controls for the QBC Star

A

“STAR” button

Door Release Latch

Q

Power switch location

A

Rear panel on the left side

Q

“STAR” Button location

A

Top of the QBC Star toward the right side

Q

Teal colored button and has several functions

A

“STAR” Button

Q

“STAR” button

When an untested tube is in the analyzer

A

Start Testing

Q

“STAR” button

When the instrument is in the process of testing

A

Abort Testing

Q

“STAR” button

After automatic test results printout, before opening the door

A

Reprint Test Results

Q

You can only reprint test results before:

A

Opening the door

Q

Door Release Latch location

A

Front panel, just below the door

Q

The door will only be opened when the system:

A

Determines that it is safe to do so

Q

Door Release Latch pops open the door located:

A

On the top

Q

All system prompts are presented on:

A

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

Q

Printer location:

A

Top panel of the instrument

Q

Test results print automatically at:

A

End of testing cycle

Q

Paper release level is located on the:

A

Right side of printer

Q

Pulled the lever _____ to enable loading paper

A

Forward

Q

Manual Advance Wheel for paper is located on the _____ side of the printer

A

Right

Q

Rotated the manual advance wheel toward the ____ to advance paper when loading

A

Rear

Q

Rotated the wheel _____ to retract paper (unjam a paperjam)

A

Forward

Q

Floppy disk drive is located:

A

Front panel and bottom right

Q

The floppy disk drive is used primarily for:

A

Software updates

Q

To access the floppy disk drive, flip the top of the access door _______

A

Downward

Q

Floppy disks should be inserted:

A

Shutter first and the label upward

Q

Setup Keyboard is located:

A

Front of the printer beneath the printer access panel

Q

Used to enter setup information into the computer, such as the date and time, LCD contrast, etc.

A

Setup Keyboard

Q

QBC star makes it possible to quantify:

A

Buffy coat cells

Q

The grayish-white layer (Buffy coat) contains packed:

A

Leukocytes and thrombocytes

Q

QBC Star tube is spun at a high rate of speed that separates blood into layers or bands from:

A

Heaviest to lightest

Q

QBC Star tubes are designed to enhance:

A

natural separation

Q

QBC Star:

Granulocytes appear:

A

Orange-yellow

Q

QBC Star:

Lymphocytes/monocytes appear:

A

Green

Q

QBC Star:

Platelets appear:

A

Yellow-orange

Q

QBC Star tube, mechanically expands the buffy coat layer

A

Precision plastic float

Q

QBC Star

Directly measured from the cell layers

A

Hematocrit

WBCs

Platelet count

Q

The float, whose density approximates the buffy coat cells, will also penetrate the:

A

Red blood cell layer

Q

Directly related to the density of the red blood cells, and is based on the depth of penetration of the float into the RBC layer

A

Hemoglobin

Q

Electronically calculated using the standard formula (Hgb/Hct) x 100

A

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

Q

QBC star is internally coated with anticoagulants that allow for collection of:

A

Capillary blood

Q

The QBC Star system is intended for in vitro:

A

Diagnostic use

Q

QBC Star

Materials and equipment required for testing

A

Whole blood (venipuncture in purple top)

QBC Star Blood collection tubes

QBC Star Instrument

Printer Paper

Q

What is displayed after you turn on the QBC Star

A

“System Check in Progress Please Wait”

Q

When self-test is complete, and the system is ready the following message will display:

A

“Ready Insert sample Close Door Press Star”

Q

QBC Star blood source can either be:

A

Capillary stick drop of blood

Venous blood (Purple Top)

Q

Purple top

It is important to gently invert the blood tube ____ times

A

12-15

Q

The QBC Star tube fills itself by:

A

Capillary action

Q

Fill the QBC Star tube to the:

A

Second black line

Q

QBC Star tube must always be filled to at least the:

A

First black line

Q

QBC Star tube

Blood volume is between ___ and ___ microliters

A

65-75

Q

Place the QBC Star Tube into the instrument within ___ minutes of filling

A

15 minutes

Q

Rock the QBC Star tube back and forth at least _____ times to mix the blood with the orange coating

A

Four

Q

QBC Star Tube

Do not allow the blood to touch the:

A

White plug at the end of the tube

Q

One rock of the QBC Star Tube

A

Blood to flow from collection end toward the plug end AND back

Q

Push the ____ to start the test cycle

A

“Star”

Q

If the system detects the cap is not seated properly, what message will show?

A

“Sample cap Not Seated”

Q

The instrument mixes the tube contents for:

A

30 seconds

Q

What descends from the top of the tube toward the closure end, ultimately mixes the blood and reagents in the tube?

A

The float

Q

The centrifuge accelerates to high speed to separate and pack the cell populations into distinct:

A

Cell bands

Q

Series of readings taken that are displayed while test is being performed

A

“Reading Cycle in Progress”

“Scanning QBC Sample”

“Analyzing QBC Scan Data”

Q

You must manually keep track of the link between the test results and the:

A

Patient

Q

Electronic QC values are only printed every:

A

8 hours

Startup

Q

Any results out of reporting range are shown on the display as:

A

Dashes instead of actually numerical values

Q

Out of range readings are indicated for:

A

Greater than or less than the maximum or minimum level

Q

Calculated values based on out-of-range readings print as

A

“No Report”

Q

Dispose the use QBC Star tube in:

A

Biohazard Sharps container

Q

Clean the interior and exterior surfaces of the QBC Star with a damp cloth and use ______ to remove stains

A

Mild detergent

Q

If blood or glass should escape the plastic protective tube, clean and disinfect the QBC Star instrument as follows:

A

Put on puncture resistant gloves

Use hemostats to pick up glass/plastic fragments

Dispose of fragments in sharps container

Clean surfaces with 10% bleach

Let stand for 10 minutes

Rinse thoroughly with water and dry