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Laboratory > Ch 7 Lab values > Flashcards

Ch 7 Lab values Flashcards

1
Q

Important baseline of a patient’s basic physiology

A

Metabolic panel

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2
Q

Metabolic panel measures __ analytes and calculates an anion gap

A

8

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3
Q

Used to assess kidney status, electrolyte, acid/base balance, and blood glucose

A

Metabolic panel

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4
Q

Changes in serum sodium most often reflect changes in _____ balance rather than sodium balance

A

water

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5
Q

Sodium

Hyponatremia (<136) may indicate

A

over hydration

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6
Q

Sodium

Hypernatremia (>145) may indicate

A

Need for water

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7
Q

Concentration of nitrogen (as urea), produced in the liver and is the end product of protein metabolism filtered by the kidneys

A

BUN

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8
Q

Test used to help diagnose liver and kidney diseases

A

Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

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9
Q

Low BUN (6-8 mg) may be a sign of

A

Overhydration or liver disease

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10
Q

Normal range of BUN

A

10-20 mg

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11
Q

BUN, implies serious impairment of renal function

A

50-150 mg

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12
Q

Percentage of calcium found in blood

A

1%

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13
Q

90% of hypercalcemia is caused by:

A

Malignancy

Hyperparathyroidism

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14
Q

Used to evaluate the acid-base balance of blood

A

Carbon Dioxide

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15
Q

High CO2 is seen in

A

Respiratory acidosis

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16
Q

Low CO2 is seen in

A

Respiratory alkalosis

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17
Q

Used as a confirmatory test to identify fluid balance and acid-base abnormalities

A

Chloride

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18
Q

Hyperchloremia is seen in

A

Dehydration and acidemia

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19
Q

Hyperchloremia is seen in

A

Dehydration and acidemia

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20
Q

Hypochloremia is seen in

A

Vomiting, over hydration and alkalemia

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21
Q

Produced in muscle. Filtered by the kidneys, levels can be used to measure renal insufficiency.

A

Creatinine

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22
Q

Regulates muscle and nerve excitability

A

Potassium

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23
Q

Primary cause of Hyperkalemia (potassium) is:

A

Renal Failure

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24
Q

Hypokalemia (potassium) is seen with

A

Alkalosis, diuretic use, alcoholism, fluid loss

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25
Q

Low magnesium can cause:

A

Refractory hypokalemia

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26
Q

Involved in metabolism and energy production. It is needed for normal muscle contractility and neurologic functions as well as oxygen-carry by hemoglobin

A

Phosphorus

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27
Q

Measure liver injury

A

ALT and AST

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28
Q

Components of a Liver Function Test

A

Albumin

Alkaline phosphates

Bilirubin

ALT/AST

Total protein

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29
Q

Helps maintain plasma oncotic pressure. Long half life of 20 days.

Decreased levels may be due to any liver condition affecting protein synthetization.

A

Albumin

30
Q

Group of enzymes

A

Alkaline phosphates

31
Q

4x rise of alkaline phosphates with no rise in ALT/AST is indicative of:

A

Biliary disease

32
Q

Levels less than 4x of alkaline phosphates with elevated ALT/AST is indicative of:

A

liver damage

33
Q

Byproduct of breakdown of heme pigments in RBC

A

Bilirubin

34
Q

Elevated levels of bilirubin are responsible for:

A

Jaundice

35
Q

Used to assess hepatocellular damage

A

AST/ALT

36
Q

Ratio of AST to ALT may be of value in diagnosing:

A

Alcoholic hepatitis

37
Q

AST is also found in:

A

Cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, kidneys, brain, lungs, intestines

38
Q

Screening for nutritional deficiencies and gammopathies

A

Total protein

39
Q

Increase in total protein is seen with:

A

Myeloma

Hypovolemia

40
Q

Decrease in total protein is seen in:

A

Malnutrition

Liver diseases

Severe skin diseases

41
Q

A lipid profile measures:

A

Total cholesterol

HDL

LDL

Triglycerides

42
Q

Lipid panel may be ordered if there is specific concern about:

A

Cardiovascular disease (CAD)

43
Q

It is recommended that all adults over ___ get a fasting lipid screening every 5 years

A

20

44
Q

Collection term for blood tests used to check the function of the thyroid

A

Thyroid Function Tests (TFTs)

45
Q

Critical Values of TFTs that should be reported quickly

A

Extremely high or low

46
Q

Most accurate reflection of thyrometabolic status.

High levels = Hyperthyroidism
Low levels = Hypothyroidism

A

Free Thyroxine (T4)

47
Q

Glycoprotein secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.

Tests assesses true metabolic status.

High = Hypothyroidism
Low = Hyperthyroidism
A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

48
Q

Glucose that gives the big picture of the average levels over the past 2 to 3 months

A

A1C

49
Q

Normal glucose

A

70-100mg

50
Q

Critical value low glucose

A

<40

51
Q

Critical value high glucose

A

> 500mg with no history of DM

52
Q

Best indication of glucose homeostasis

A

Fasting glucose

53
Q

Prediabetes range

A

100-125

54
Q

Glucose range for provisional diagnosis of diabetes

A

> 126

55
Q

Confirmed diagnosis of diabetes

A

> 126 on 2 separate occasions

56
Q

Major cause of high glucose

A

DM type 1/2

Excessive intake

57
Q

Major cause of low glucose

A

Insulin overdose

Sulfonylureas or other hypoglycemic drugs

58
Q

An A1C >___% suggests poor glucose control

A

6.5%

59
Q

Protein located in the cardiac muscle

Increase is indicative of an acute MI

A

Troponin

60
Q

Enzyme found primarily in the cardiac muscle

A

CK-MB

61
Q

Troponin and CK-MB rise within 3-12 hours of symptoms and peak at:

A

24 hours

62
Q

Critical value:

Low sodium

A

<120

63
Q

Critical Value

High Sodium

A

> 160

64
Q

Critical value:

Low Calcium

A

<6.0

65
Q

Critical value:

High calcium

A

> 14

66
Q

Critical value:

Low Creatinine

A

None

67
Q

Critical value:

High Creatinine

A

> 3.0

68
Q

Critical Value:

Low Potassium

A

<2.5

69
Q

Critical value:

High Potassium

A

> 6.5

70
Q

Critical value:

Low Magnesium

A

<1.2

71
Q

Critical value

High Magnesium

A

> 4.9

Laboratory (9 decks)

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