Ch 7: Learning And Conditioning Flashcards
Unconditioned stimulus
Elicits a certain response without additional learning
Unconditioned response
The response elicited by an unconditioned stimulus
ConditionedStimulus
A neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a conditioned response after being paired with an Unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned response
A response that is elicited by a C.S. occurs after the C.S. has been associated with a U.S.
Extinction
The weakening and eventual disappearance of learned response
Higher-order conditioning
A neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through association with an already established C.S.
Stimulus Generalization
When a stimulus that resembles the CS elicits the CR. The greater the similarity the greater the chance that the CR will occur
Stimulus Discrimination
The tendency to respond differently to 2 or more similar stimuli
Lil Albert Experiment
Watson and Raynor conditioned Lil Albert to be afraid of white rats. He then became scared of rats and white fuzzy objects
Operant Conditioning
Learning that occurs based on the consequences of behavior and can involve the learning of new behaviors
Negative Reinforcement
Occurs when a behavior is strengthened by the subsequent removal of a stimulus
Positive Reinforcement
Occurs when a behavior is strengthened by subsequent presentation of a stimulus
Positive Punishment
When an unpleasant consequence follows a behavior making it less likely to recur
Negative Punishment
When a pleasant consequence is removed following a response making it less likely to recur
Punishment Fails When…(6)
- Administered inappropriately or mindlessly
- The recipient responds with anxiety, fear, and rage
- Punishing person/ circumstance is not around
- does not inform the recipient how to avoid future punishment
- It does not immediately follow the behavior
- When a consequence thought to be a punishment proves to be reinforcing
