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Psychology 101 > Ch 15: Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Ch 15: Psychological Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Psychological Disorders

A

Any behavior or emotional state that causes a person to be emotionally unstable, hard to work with, and a danger to others

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2
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorders + abnormalities in what part of the brain

A

A continuous state of anxiety and worry

-6months to diagnose abnormalities in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex

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3
Q

Panic Disorders

A

Recurring Panic Attacks due to stress and traumatic experiences

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4
Q

Panic Attacks

A

Periods of intense fear and feelings of death

  • Symptoms: Rapid heart rate and dizziness
  • may last minutes to hours
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5
Q

Phobia

A

an exaggerated unrealistic fear of a specific situation, activity, or object

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6
Q

Social Phobias

A

Individuals become extremely anxious in situations in which they will be observed: eating in a restaurant, performing, speaking in public

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7
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Involving the basic fear of being away from a safe place or person “fear of fear.”

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8
Q

PTSD+ Symptoms+ Brain Association

A

A disorder in which a person who experienced a life-threatening event has symptoms such as nightmares, flashbacks, insomnia

  • Diagnosed 1 month or longer
  • Associated with a smaller hippocampus
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9
Q

OCD+ Brain Association

A

A disorder in which people feel trapped in repetitive, persistent thoughts (obsession) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) designed to reduce anxiety

-Prefrontal cortex and amygdala

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10
Q

Major Depression

A

A disorder involving disturbances in which a person may feel excessively sad which leads to a loss of interest in daily activities. They feel hopeless and sleep too much as a way to cope with sadness.
- Diagnose for 2 weeks

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11
Q

Bipolar Disorder

A

Mood disorder in which both depression and mania (excess euphoria)

-Symptoms need to be present for a couple of weeks

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12
Q

Origins of depression: Genetic Predisposition

A

Moderately heritable by 40% and specific genes are unknown
-There is a strong relationship between genetics and depression as a child but as an adult environmental factors are strong predictors

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13
Q

Origins of depression: Violence and Parental Neglect

A
  • Repeated experience of violence
  • Childhood maltreatment
  • Domestic violence
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14
Q

Origins of depression: Losses of Important Relationships

A

Many depressed people have a history of:

  • Separation
  • Losses
  • Rejection
  • Impaired, insecure relationships
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15
Q

Origins of depression: Cognitive Habits

A
  • Depression involves specific negative ways of thinking about one’s situation
  • The situation is uncontrollable and permanent
  • Rumination: Brooding about negative aspects of one’s life
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16
Q

Personality disorder

A

Impairments in personality that cause great distress or inability to get along with others

17
Q

Border Personality Disorder (BPD)

A

Characterized by extreme negative emotionality and inability to regulate emotion.

-Intense unstable relationships, self-mutilation behaviors, and fear of abandonment

18
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD)

A

Characterized by a life long pattern of law-breaking and violence. Reckless disregard to one’s own safety as well as others

19
Q

Psychopathy

A

A personality disorder characterized by fearless lack of empathy, guilt, and remorse; they use deceit and cold-heartedness to get what they want
-They don’t respond physiologically to punishments as others do and have trouble recognizing fear on people’s face

20
Q

Symptoms of Schizophrenia

A
  1. Bizarre delusions
  2. Hallucinations
  3. Disorganized, incoherent speech
  4. Catatonic behavior
  5. Impaired cognitive abilities
21
Q

Schizophrenia on the Brain

A
  1. A brain disease: reduced volumes of gray matter in the frontal cortex and temporal lobe (25% less)
  2. Smaller hippocampus
  3. Deformed thalamus
  4. Enlargement of ventricle- space filled with cerebrospinal fluid
22
Q

origins of Schizophrenia

A
  1. Genetic Pre dispositions
  2. Prenatal problems or birth complications
  3. Biological events during adolescence
23
Q

Antipsychotic drugs

A
  • Used primarily to treat Schiz but can be used for dementia and aggressiveness
  • Blocks or reduces the sensitivity of dopamine receptors, block some serotonin
  • Can relieve positive symptoms of schiz: Hallucinations and delusions
  • ineffective for negative symptoms
24
Q

Antidepressant Drugs

A

Used primarily for depression, anxiety, phobias, and OCDS

25
3 Classes of Antidepressant Drugs
1. MAOIs: elevates levels of norepinephrine and serotonin 2. Tricyclics: elevates levels of norepinephrine and serotonin 3. SSRIs: elevate serotonin Side effects: dry mouth, headaches, constipation
26
Anti-anxiety Drugs
increase the activity of GABA
27
Lithium Carbonate (Salt)
Used to treat mania in bipolar disorder. It inhibits irregular PKC protein activity -Must be given in exact doses too much is toxic
28
Drug Treatment Cautions (5): the Placebo Effect +Study
The apparent success of medication or treatment due to patients expectations rather than the drug treatment itself Study: Meta-Analysis (5000 patients): Placebo effects account for 80% of alleviated symptoms
29
Drug Treatment Cautions (5): High Relapse and Dropout Rate
There may be short term success but 50-66% of patients stop using meds because of unpleasant side effects
30
Drug Treatment Cautions (5): Disregard for Non- Medical Treatments
The popularity of drug advertising make consumers draw to drugs even though nonmedical treatments may work better than the drugs.
31
Drug Treatment Cautions (5): Unknown Risk Overtime
Anti Depressants are assumed to be safe but no long term research has been conducted
32
Drug Treatment Cautions (5): Untested Off Label Uses
There is little to no data on giving drugs for conditions they were not intended for.
33
Transference
a critical process in which the client transfers unconscious emotions or reactions such as emotional feelings about his/her parents, onto their therapist
34
Behavior Therapy
Applies conditioning to help people with their own self defeating and problematic behavior
35
Behavioral Techniques
1. Gradual exposure 2. Flooding: a client is taken directly into the situation until their panic subsides 3. Behavioral Self Monitoring 4. Skill training; an effort to teach client new constructive behaviors to replace old ones
36
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
a form of cognitive designed to challenge the clients illogical beliefs
37
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Based on the idea that we think (cognition), how we feel (emotions) and how we act (behavior) all interact together -Clients identify and accept negative thoughts and feelings without trying to get rid of them
38
Humanist Therapy
- Emphasizes personal growth and resilience in clients ability to change rather than dwelling on the past - Client-Centered (non- directive) therapy: Humanist approach developed by Carl Rogers - Emphasizes therapist empathy with clients

Psychology 101 (9 decks)

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