Ch 7: Flexibility Training Concepts Flashcards
Flexibility
The normal extensibility of all soft tissues that allows the full range of motion of a joint.
Extensibility
Capability to be elongated or stretched.
Dynamic Range of Motion
The combination of flexibility and the nervous system’s ability to control this range of motion efficiently.
Neuromuscular efficiency
The ability of the neuromuscular system to allow agonists, antagonists, and stabilizers to work synergistically to produce, reduce, and dynamically stabilize the entire kinetic chain in all three planes of motion.
Relative Flexibiility
The tendency of the body to seek the path of least resistance during functional movement patterns.
Muscle Imbalance
Alteration of muscle length surrounding a joint
Reciprocal Inhibition
The simultaneous contraction of one muscle and the relaxation of its antagonist to allow movement to take place.
Altered reciprocal inhibition
The concept of muscle inhibition, caused by a tight agonist, which inhibits its functional antagonist.
Synergistic Dominance
The neuromuscular phenomenon that occurs when inappropriate muscles take over the functions of a weak or inhibited prime mover.
Arthrokinetic dysfunction
Altered forces at the joint that result in abnormal muscular activity and impaired neuromuscular communication at the joint.
Muscle Spindles
Mechanoreceptors that sense stretching in the muscles and activate to contact the muscle to keep the muscle from stretching too far or too fast.
Golgi Tendon Organs
Mechanoreceptors that sense changes in muscular tension and the rate of tension change. When excited the Golgi tendon organ causes the muscle to relax to prevent the muscle form being placed under excessive stress.
Autogenic Inhibition
The process by which neural impulses that sense tension are greater than the impulses that cause muscles to contract, providing an inhibitory effect to the muscle spindles.
In effect the Golgi Tendon Organs response overcomes the response of Muscle Spindles causing the muscle to relax.
Pattern Overload
Consistently repeating the same pattern of motion, which may place abnormal stresses on the body.
Davis’s Law
States that soft tissue models along the lines of stress.
The Three types of flexibility training in the OPT model
Corrective, Active, and Functional Flexibility.
Corrective Flexibility
Designed to increase ROM, improve muscle imbalances, and correct altered joint motion.
Self Myofascial Release and Static Stretching
Appropriate for the stabilization level (Phase 1) of the OPT Model
Active Flexibility
Self Myofascial Release and Active-isolated stretching.
Appropriate at the strength level of the OPT model (Phases 2,3,and 4)
Active Isolated Stretching
Allows for agonists and synergist muscles to move a limb through a full range of motion while the functional antagonists are being stretched.
E.X. A supine straight-leg raise uses the hip flexors and quadriceps to raise the leg and hold it unsupported, while the antagonist hamstring complex is stretched.
Functional Flexibility
Consists of Self Myofascial release and dynamic stretches
Appropriate for the Power level of the OPT model, as well as before athletic competition.
Static Stretching
The process of passively taking a muscle to the point of tension and holding the stretch for a minimum of 30seconds
