Ch 2. Basics of Exercise Science: Nervous System Flashcards
Kinetic Chain
The combination of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems.
Human movement system
The combination of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems.
Parts of the nervous system
Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Parts of the Central Nervous System
Brain and Spinal Cord
Parts of the Peripheral Nervous System
Contains only nerves and connects the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
Somatic nervous system - voluntary control of movement
Autonomic nervous system - run the involuntary systems of the body (organs like the heart, metabolic systems, and endocrine glands)
Sensory Function
The ability of the nervous system to sense changes in either the internal or external environment.
Internal Example: The stretch placed on a muscle.
External Example: a change in walking surface.
Integrative Function
The ability of the nervous system to analyze and interpret sensory information to allow for proper decision making, which produces the appropriate response.
Motor Function
The neuromuscular response to the sensory information
Proprioception
The cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense body position and limb movement.
Neuron
The functional unit of the nervous system
The types of neurons
Sensory Neurons (afferent)
Interneurons
Motor Neurons (efferent)
Sensory Neurons (afferent)
Transmit nerve impulses from effector sites (muscles and organs) via receptors to the brain and spinal cord
Interneurons
Transmit nerve impulses between neurons
Motor Neurons (efferent)
Transmit nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to effector sites.
Somatic nervous system
consists of the nerves that serve the outer areas of the body and skeletal muscles, largely responsible for voluntary movement
Autonomic nervous system
Supplies neural input to the involuntary systems of the body (e.g, hear, digestive systems, and endocrine glands.
Parts of the autonomic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system (prepares for activity) and parasympathetic nervous system (prepares for recovery)
Mechanoreceptors
Sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion in body tissues.
Muscle Spindles
Receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change. Help in regulating the contraction of muscles via the stretch reflex mechanism.
Stretch Reflex
When a muscle spindle is stretched, and impulse is immediately sent to the spinal cord, and a response to contract the muscle is received withing 1 to 2 milliseconds. This is to prevent overstretching and potential muscle damage.
Golgi Tendon Organs (GTO)
Receptors sensitive to change in the length of the muscle and the rate of that change. Activation of the Golgi Tendon Organs will cause the muscle to relax, which prevents the muscle from excessive stress or possibility of injury.
Joint receptors
Receptors surrounding a joint that respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of the joint. These receptors act to signal extreme joint position and may act to initiate a reflexive inhibitory response if too much stress is placed on a joint.
