Ch 3. Cardiorespiratory System Flashcards
Parts of the cardiorespiratory system
The cardiovascular system and the respiratory system
Parts of the cardiovascular system
Heart, blood vessels, and blood.
Parts of the respiratory system
Trachea, bronchea, and lungs
What is the typical resting heart rate?
Between 70 and 80 bpm
Sinoatrial (SA) node
A specialized area of cardiac tissue, located in the right atrium of the heart, which initiates the electrical impulses that determine the heart rate often termed the pacemaker for the heart.
Atrioventricular (AV) node
A small mass of specialized cardiac muscle fibers, located in the wall of the right atrium of the heart, that receives heartbeat impulses from the sinoatrial node and directs them to the walls of the ventricles.
The four Chambers of the heart
Right and Left ventricles and atriums.
Right vs Left side function in the heart.
The right side is “pulmonic” it receives deoxygenated blood and pumps it to the lungs.
The left side is “systemic” because it receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the rest of the body.
Atrium
The superior chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into the ventricles.
Ventricle
The inferior chamber of the heart that receives blood from its corresponding atrium and in turn, forces blood into the arteries.
Stroke volume
The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction.
End Diastolic Volume
The filled volume of the ventricle before contraction.
End Systolic Volume (ESV)
The residual volume of blood remaining in the ventricle after ejection.
Cardiac Output
The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute.
Heart Rate x Stroke Volume
Blood
Fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins, carries nutrients and oxygen to all parts of the body, and also rids the body of waste products.
What are the three types of cell in the blood
Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
Support Mechanisms of blood
Transportation
- oxygen and nutrients around body
- waste products away from tissues
- hormones to organs and tissues
- carries heat throughout the body
Regulation
- Regulates body temperature and pH balance in the body
Protection
- Protects the body from excessive bleeding by clotting
- Contains specialized immune cells to help fight disease and sickness
Blood Vessels
Network of hollow tubes that circulate blood throughout the body.
What are the three types of blood vessels?
Arteries, Veins, and Capillaries.
Arteries
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Capillaries
The smallest blood vessels, and the site of exchange of chemicals and water between the blood and the tissues.
Veins
Blood vessels that transport blood from the capillaries toward the heart.
Arterioles
Small terminal branches of an artery, which end in capillaries.
What is the largest artery in the body
The Aorta.
Venules
The very small veins that connect capillaries to the larger veins.
The Respiratory System
A system of organs (the lungs and respiratory passageways) that collects oxygen from the external environment and transports it to the bloodstream.
.Function of the Pulmonary System
To bring oxygen into the lungs and remove carbon dioxide from the lungs to the outside air. It odes this to ensure proper cell function.
Respiratory Pump
Composed of skeletal structures (bones) and soft tissues (muscles) that work together to allow proper respiratory mechanics to occur and help pump blood back to the heart during inspiration.
Respiratory Pump Skeletal Structures
Sternum
Ribs
Vertebrae
Inspirational Muscular Structures of the Respiratory Pump
Diaphragm
External intercostals
Scalenes
Sternocleidomastoid
Pectoralis minor
Expirational Muscular Structures of the Repiratory Pump
Internal intercostals
Abdominals
Inspiration
The process of breathing air in.
Exspiration
The process of releasing air from the lungs and body
Function of respiratory airways
Allow incoming air to be purified, humidified, and warmed or cooled to match body temperature.
Conducting Airways of Respiratory Passages
Nasal Cavity
Oral Cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Right and left pulmonary bronchi
Bronchioles
Respiratory Airways
Alveoli
Alveolar sacs
Diffusion
The process of getting oxygen from the environment to the tissues of the body. This process happens in the alveolar sacs
