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Organ Histo > Ch. 7: Circulatory System > Flashcards

Ch. 7: Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

the circulatory system consists of the _________ system to carry blood and the ________ system to collect and transport lymph

A

cardiovascular; lymphatic

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2
Q

the most inner layer of the heart wall is what

A

endocardium

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3
Q

what are the four layers of the endocardium

A
  1. endothelium
  2. looser ct layer
  3. more dense regular ct layer
  4. sub-endocardial layer
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4
Q

which layer of the endocardium is made up of simple squamous cells

A

endothelium

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5
Q

which layer of the endocardium is made up of fibroelastic ct

A

looser ct layer

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6
Q

which layer of the endocardium is made up of more collagen I and elastic fibers and some smooth muscle

A

more dense regular ct layer

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7
Q

which layer of the endocardium is made up of looser ct with blood vessels, nerves and purkinje fibers

A

sub-endocardial layer

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8
Q

what is another name for purkinje fibers

A

modified cardiac myocytes

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9
Q

what have fewer myofibrils and are peripherally placed, have stored glycogen, attached by gap junctions and macula adherens, and function to conduct contraction impulse rapidly

A

purkinje fibers aka modified cardiac myocytes

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10
Q

which two layers of the heart are considered to be subendothelium

A

looser ct layer and more dense regular ct layer

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11
Q

what are the layers of the heart from inside out

A

endocardium, myocardium, epicardium/visceral pericardium, pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium

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12
Q

the atria, ventricle, intercalated discs, and specialized cardiac muscle cells or myoendocrine cells are all found in what layer of the heart

A

myocardium

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13
Q

the atria have less _______ and more _______ fibers than the ventricle

A

muscle; elastic

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14
Q

the ventricle is a well-developed _________ layer

A

muscle (cardiac)

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15
Q

the ___________ ____________ is where fat can accumulate

A

visceral pericardium

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16
Q

__________ fluid is thinner than mucus

A

serous

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17
Q

the intercalated discs have two portions, what are they

A

transverse and longitudinal

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18
Q

what is held together by fascia adherens, macula adherens and large gap junctions

A

transverse and longitudinal portions of the intercalated discs

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19
Q

what functions to attach cardiac myocytes in a row (series), attach and stabilize myofibrils (actin and myosin), and cell to cell communication

A

intercalated discs

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20
Q

what functions to attach cardiac myocytes in a row (series)

A

macula adherens and gap junctions

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21
Q

what functions to attach and stabilize myofibrils (actin and myosin)

A

fascia adherens

22
Q

what functions in cell to cell communication

A

gap junctions

23
Q

sympathetics will _________ heart rate and ________ contraction force

A

increase; increase

24
Q

parasympathetics _______ the heart rate and _________ contraction force

A

decrease; decrease

25
Q

what is another name for specialized cardiac muscle cells

A

myoendocrine cells

26
Q

in myoendocrine cells and in hormone secretion in the atria and interventricular septum _________ are released into surrounding capillaries

A

hormones

27
Q

fluid and electrolyte balance and decrease blood pressure are both functions of what

A

hormones

28
Q

hormones function in fluid and electrolyte balance mainly in the _________. Hormones decrease blood pressure in smooth muscle in small ________ and _________

A

kidneys; arteries; arterioles

29
Q

the pericardium is also known as what

A

serous pericardium

30
Q

the pericardium is broken into two layers:

A
  1. epicardium (visceral pericardium)

2. parietal pericardium

31
Q

another name for the epicardium is what

A

visceral pericardium

32
Q

what layer of the epicardium (visceral pericardium) contains coronary vessels, nerves and sometimes a lot of adipose

A

sub-epicardial layer of fibroelastic ct

33
Q

what layer of the epicardium secretes a serous lubricating fluid

A

mesothelium

34
Q

the sub-epicardial layer of fibroelastic ct and the mesothelium are both layers making up what

A

epicardium

35
Q

the mesothelium and layer of fibroelastic ct are both layers that make up what pericardial layer

A

parietal pericardium

36
Q

what contains both parietal pericardium and fibrous pericardium

A

the pericardial sac

37
Q

what part of the heart holds ~15-50 ml of fluid and is between the visceral pericardium (epicardium) and parietal pericardium

A

pericardial cavity

38
Q

what is made up of endothelium with dense irregular ct below. The dense irregular ct has many collagen I and elastic fibers and is almost avascular

A

a general valve

39
Q

the cardiac skeleton is made up of what

A

dense fibrous ct

40
Q

the annuli fibrosi, trigonum fibrosum, and septum membranaceum are the three main components of what

A

the cardiac skeleton

41
Q

what is around the base of the aorta, pulmonary artery and the openings to the chambers

A

annuli fibrosi

42
Q

what is by the cusps of the aortic valve

A

trigonum fibrosum

43
Q

what is the upper portion of the interventricular septum and functions as the origin/insertion for some cardiac myocytes

A

septum membranaceum

44
Q

chordae tendinae are tendon-like so therefore ct type is what

A

dense regular ct

45
Q

the chordae tendinae isolate the atrial and ventricular myocardia to ensure what

A

rythmic contraction in each chamber

46
Q

what is chest pain usually brought on by exertion called

A

angina

47
Q

slow progressive narrowing of coronary vessels therefore less oxygen is a cause of what

A

angina

48
Q

abnormal heart rhythms are called what

A

dysrhythmia

49
Q

__________ can result when damage or death occurs to Purkinje fibers and other conducting tissues

A

Dysrhythmia

50
Q

_________ is an infection in pericardial cavity and therefore inflammation of the pericardium

A

pericarditis

Organ Histo (6 decks)

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