Ch. 7: Circulatory System Flashcards
the circulatory system consists of the _________ system to carry blood and the ________ system to collect and transport lymph
cardiovascular; lymphatic
the most inner layer of the heart wall is what
endocardium
what are the four layers of the endocardium
- endothelium
- looser ct layer
- more dense regular ct layer
- sub-endocardial layer
which layer of the endocardium is made up of simple squamous cells
endothelium
which layer of the endocardium is made up of fibroelastic ct
looser ct layer
which layer of the endocardium is made up of more collagen I and elastic fibers and some smooth muscle
more dense regular ct layer
which layer of the endocardium is made up of looser ct with blood vessels, nerves and purkinje fibers
sub-endocardial layer
what is another name for purkinje fibers
modified cardiac myocytes
what have fewer myofibrils and are peripherally placed, have stored glycogen, attached by gap junctions and macula adherens, and function to conduct contraction impulse rapidly
purkinje fibers aka modified cardiac myocytes
which two layers of the heart are considered to be subendothelium
looser ct layer and more dense regular ct layer
what are the layers of the heart from inside out
endocardium, myocardium, epicardium/visceral pericardium, pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium
the atria, ventricle, intercalated discs, and specialized cardiac muscle cells or myoendocrine cells are all found in what layer of the heart
myocardium
the atria have less _______ and more _______ fibers than the ventricle
muscle; elastic
the ventricle is a well-developed _________ layer
muscle (cardiac)
the ___________ ____________ is where fat can accumulate
visceral pericardium
__________ fluid is thinner than mucus
serous
the intercalated discs have two portions, what are they
transverse and longitudinal
what is held together by fascia adherens, macula adherens and large gap junctions
transverse and longitudinal portions of the intercalated discs
what functions to attach cardiac myocytes in a row (series), attach and stabilize myofibrils (actin and myosin), and cell to cell communication
intercalated discs
what functions to attach cardiac myocytes in a row (series)
macula adherens and gap junctions
what functions to attach and stabilize myofibrils (actin and myosin)
fascia adherens
what functions in cell to cell communication
gap junctions
sympathetics will _________ heart rate and ________ contraction force
increase; increase
parasympathetics _______ the heart rate and _________ contraction force
decrease; decrease
what is another name for specialized cardiac muscle cells
myoendocrine cells
in myoendocrine cells and in hormone secretion in the atria and interventricular septum _________ are released into surrounding capillaries
hormones
fluid and electrolyte balance and decrease blood pressure are both functions of what
hormones
hormones function in fluid and electrolyte balance mainly in the _________. Hormones decrease blood pressure in smooth muscle in small ________ and _________
kidneys; arteries; arterioles
the pericardium is also known as what
serous pericardium
the pericardium is broken into two layers:
- epicardium (visceral pericardium)
2. parietal pericardium
another name for the epicardium is what
visceral pericardium
what layer of the epicardium (visceral pericardium) contains coronary vessels, nerves and sometimes a lot of adipose
sub-epicardial layer of fibroelastic ct
what layer of the epicardium secretes a serous lubricating fluid
mesothelium
the sub-epicardial layer of fibroelastic ct and the mesothelium are both layers making up what
epicardium
the mesothelium and layer of fibroelastic ct are both layers that make up what pericardial layer
parietal pericardium
what contains both parietal pericardium and fibrous pericardium
the pericardial sac
what part of the heart holds ~15-50 ml of fluid and is between the visceral pericardium (epicardium) and parietal pericardium
pericardial cavity
what is made up of endothelium with dense irregular ct below. The dense irregular ct has many collagen I and elastic fibers and is almost avascular
a general valve
the cardiac skeleton is made up of what
dense fibrous ct
the annuli fibrosi, trigonum fibrosum, and septum membranaceum are the three main components of what
the cardiac skeleton
what is around the base of the aorta, pulmonary artery and the openings to the chambers
annuli fibrosi
what is by the cusps of the aortic valve
trigonum fibrosum
what is the upper portion of the interventricular septum and functions as the origin/insertion for some cardiac myocytes
septum membranaceum
chordae tendinae are tendon-like so therefore ct type is what
dense regular ct
the chordae tendinae isolate the atrial and ventricular myocardia to ensure what
rythmic contraction in each chamber
what is chest pain usually brought on by exertion called
angina
slow progressive narrowing of coronary vessels therefore less oxygen is a cause of what
angina
abnormal heart rhythms are called what
dysrhythmia
__________ can result when damage or death occurs to Purkinje fibers and other conducting tissues
Dysrhythmia
_________ is an infection in pericardial cavity and therefore inflammation of the pericardium
pericarditis
