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Organ Histo > Ch. 6: Tendons and Ligaments > Flashcards

Ch. 6: Tendons and Ligaments Flashcards

1
Q

what collagen type is primarily present in tendons and ligaments

A

collagen I fibers

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2
Q

what is the primary cell type of tendons and ligaments

A

fibrocyte (mature fibroblast)

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3
Q

how vascular are tendons and ligaments

A

not very, they have a minimal blood supply

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4
Q

what is made up of dense regular ct, mechanically attach muscle to bone or other muscles, and transmits the muscle contraction force

A

tendons

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5
Q

what is made up of primarily collagen, has minimal ground substance, and has primarily fibrocytes

A

tendons

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6
Q

what is the vascularity like in tendons

A

limited; more at the ends

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7
Q

what is the primary cell type of tendons

A

fibrocyte aka mature fibroblast aka tenocyte aka tendinocyte

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8
Q

what is the thin layer of connective tissue around the bundles of collagen I in a tendon, vascular and nerves are present, multiple cell types (true fibroblasts)

A

endotendineum

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9
Q

what is the thing layer of ct around the entire tendon, same as the endotendineum but with a bit more fibers and the major layer of a tendon

A

epitendineum

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10
Q

what is a sheath of fibrous ct investing a fiber bundle of a tendon, and a minor term for a combination of the other two layers called

A

peritendineum

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11
Q

what are the functions of the ct layers in a tendon

A

provide mechanical connection to muscle ct layers and offers repair potential from the ct sites

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12
Q

what are located in the junction of tendons and muscles, composed of collagen fibers and free nerve endings, and function to monitor force of the muscle contraction

A

golgi tendon organs aka neurotendinous spindles

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13
Q

what are bundles of collagen I that extend from tendon into the periosteum and/or bony matrix

A

Sharpey’s fibers

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14
Q

tendons are very _______ but once injured take much time to repair

A

strong

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15
Q

it takes a tendon ~ ________ days to make new collagen I and can take several months to make enough to adequately repair

A

100

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16
Q

_______ adhesions can develop during the healing process of tendons

A

fibrous adhesions

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17
Q

rest, physical therapy, ice for pain, braces and supports, cold lasers, and chiro care are all current treatments for what

A

repairing tendons

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18
Q

what is used to help speed up the healing process of tendons

A

platelet rich plasma (PRP)

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19
Q

ligaments attach _____ to _____

A

bone to bone

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20
Q

what exhibits a weaving pattern of fiber type and arrangement

A

ligaments

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21
Q

the ligamentum flavum, broad ligament of the uterus, vocal chords and suspensory ligament of the eye all have what type of ligament

A

elastic ligament (primarily elastic fibers with some collagen I and III)

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22
Q

what % of a ligament is made up of collagen I

A

70-80% (less than tendons)

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23
Q

what % of a ligament is made up of elastic fibers

A

1-5% (slightly more than tendons)

24
Q

what % of a ligament is made up of reticular fibers

A

1-10% (slightly more than tendons)

25
Q

elastic ligaments are primarily _______ fibers with some ___________ and __________ fibers

A

elastic; collagen I; reticular

26
Q

vascularity in ligaments is _______ than tendons

A

less

27
Q

what are the associated ct layers of ligaments

A

none

28
Q

what is the primary cell type of ligaments

A

mature fibroblasts

29
Q

collagen is _______ in ligaments and _______ in tendons

A

lower; higher

30
Q

ground substance is _______ in ligaments and _______ in tendons

A

higher; lower

31
Q

collagen III is _______ in ligaments and _______ in tendons

A

higher; lower

32
Q

elastic fibers are ______ in ligaments and _______ in tendons

A

higher; lower

33
Q

blood supply is _______ in ligaments and ________ in tendons

A

lower: higher

34
Q

ct is _______ in ligaments and _______ in tendons

A

lower; higher

35
Q

organization of fibers in ligaments is more __________ and in tendons is more _________

A

random; organized

36
Q

orientation of fibers in ligaments is _________ and in tendons is ________

A

weaving pattern; long axis orientation

37
Q

is ligament repair in general a severe problem

A

yes

38
Q

why is ligament repair in general a severe problem

A

fewer blood vessels and fewer fibroblasts (no ct layers)

39
Q

what can you do for torn ligaments

A

tape them together, soldering, and drilling into surrounding bone

40
Q

what is inflammation of a tendon called

A

tendinitis

41
Q

what is the pathology of tendons called

A

tendinosis

42
Q

when does the tendinosis cycle begin

A

when the breakdown exceeds repair

43
Q

what is the tendinosis cycle

A

injury–rest–deconditioning–more injury

44
Q

in an injured tendon or ligament the total amount of collagen _______

A

decreases

45
Q

in an injured tendon or ligament the proteoglycans and GAG’s ________

A

increase

46
Q

in an injured tendon or ligament the type III to type I collagen ratio is abnormally _______

A

high

47
Q

in an injured tendon or ligament they experience a ___________ fiber structure and arrangement

A

disorganized

48
Q

in an injured tendon or ligament you can have __________ and collagen fiber ________

A

microtears; separations

49
Q

in an injured tendon or ligament the tendon looks different, it is _________

A

thicker

50
Q

in an injured tendon or ligament vascularity __________

A

increases

51
Q

in an injured tendon or ligament __________ is usually not seen

A

inflammation

52
Q

in an injured tendon one will have an altered size and shape of __________ in the cells

A

mitochondria

53
Q

an increase in exercise will _________ collagen fiber numbers, which will therefore ________ strength

A

increase; increase

54
Q

a decrease in exercise sill __________ collagen fiber numbers, which will therefore _______ strength

A

decrease; decrease

55
Q

after age _____ there is a more rapid decline of strength of tendons or ligaments

A

60

Organ Histo (6 decks)

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