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Marine Science > Ch 7 & 8 Test > Flashcards

Ch 7 & 8 Test Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Domain Eubacteria

A

Marine bacteria

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2
Q

Domain Archaea

A

some chemosynthetic bacteria.

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3
Q

Domain Eukarya

A

Single-celled marine organisms

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4
Q

Plankton

A

“wanderers” organisms that drift in the sea.

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5
Q

Phytoplankton

A

“plant wanderers”) Photosynthetic plankton. All
single-celled.

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6
Q

Zooplankton

A

heterotrophic plankton.
* Some small and single-celled. Ex. ciliates
* Some large and multicellular. Ex. jellyfish

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7
Q

Holoplankton

A

organisms that are planktonic for their entire life
cycle. Most are microbial, but some may be larger such as krill and jelly fish. All photosynthetic plankton are part of the holoplankton. `

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8
Q

Meroplankton

A

organisms that are planktonic for only a portion(usually their larval stage)of their life cycle. Examples are sea urchin, starfish and crustaceans.

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9
Q

Characteristics of unicellular algae

A
  • photosynthesize
  • animal like
  • some can move and eat food particles
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10
Q

diatoms phylum

A

bacillariophyta

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11
Q

Diatoms obtain food through …

A

photosythesis

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12
Q

How do diatoms float?

A

oil droplets

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13
Q

Where are diatoms found in the ocean?

A

temperate and polar regions

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14
Q

bloom

A

periods of rapid reproduction in algae

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15
Q

dinoflagellates phylum

A

dinoflagelleta

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16
Q

dinoflagellates description

A

any numerous one-celled aquatic organism with two dissimilar flagella and has both plant and animal characteristics

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17
Q

how do dinoflagellates obtain food?

A

photosynthesis and some may ingest food particles

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18
Q

what temperature waters are dinoflagellates found in?

A

warm waters

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19
Q

zooxanthellae

A

A group of round golden brown dinoflagellates. They fix CO2 through photosynthesis, release organic matter used by the coral, and help in the formation of the coral skeleton

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20
Q

description of protozoans

A
  • single celled
  • diverse in structure, function, and lifestyle
  • can either photosynthesize or ingest food
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21
Q

Three main protozoans

A
  • foraminiferans
  • radiolarians
  • ciliates
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22
Q

Which main protozoan uses cilia for locomotion and feeding

A

ciliates

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23
Q

which main protozoan has a shell called a test?

A

foraminiferans

24
Q

What are pseudopodia and how are they used?

A

extensions of the cytoplasm are used to form a network to trap diatoms and other organisms suspended in water.

25
Q

which main protozoan has a skeleton made out of silica

A

radiolarians

26
Q

How are the terms “algae” and “seaweed” related?

A

All seaweed is algae but not all algae is seaweed.

27
Q

Which Kingdom is seaweed apart of

A

Protista

28
Q

What is seaweeds formal name

A

Macroalgae

29
Q

Is seaweed Unicellular, multicellular or both?

A

Most are multicellular. Exception, green algae is mostly unicellular.

30
Q

Why is seaweed not considered true plants?

A

Lack true leaves, stems and roots.

31
Q

Thallus(frond)

A

entire structure of the seaweed

32
Q

Blades

A

leaf-like structures that have increased surface area for
photosynthesis.

33
Q

Stipe

A

supports the blades

34
Q

Pneumatocyst(Gas Bladder)

A
  • to assist blades floating close to
    surface for photosynthesis
35
Q

Holdfast

A
  • secures the thallus to substrate. The seafloor, a rock, etc.
    Not a root. Does not absorb nutrients
36
Q

Primary photosynthetic pigment used in (almost) all
photosynthetic organism?

A

Chlorophyll a

37
Q

Types of Colors in Seaweeds

A

Green, brown, and red

38
Q

Green Algae: Phylum:

A

Chlorophyta

39
Q

Brown Algae: Phylum:

A

Phaeophyta

40
Q

Brown Algae Characteristics

A

Primary pigment is fucoxanthin(yellow) which masks the
chlorophyll.

41
Q

Green Algae Characteristics

A

Chlorophyll is not masked by other
pigments so they appear green
This phylum contains the largest of the species of seaweeds.
Known as kelp.
Typically found below tide level so always submerged in water.

42
Q

Kelps beds are
commonly
found on the
eastern sides of
ocean basins.
Why?

A

Western intensification

43
Q

Red Algae: Phylum:

A

Rhodophyta

44
Q

Red Algae Characteristics

A

Red pigments, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin) – red masks the
chlorophyll
◦ Most red algae is found shallow water marine environments.
◦ Contains the largest number of species.

45
Q

Coralline algae

A

Deposits calcium carbonate in their cell
walls. Warm-water coralline algae are
involved in the formation of coral reefs

46
Q

seaweed Means of reproduction

A

Both asexual (vegetative) and sexual (by gametes).

47
Q

Vegetative

A

This occurs when
parts of a plant break off and develop directly into new individuals. All offspring resulting from asexual reproduction are clones; they are genetically identical to each other and the parent seaweed.

48
Q

Gametophyte

A

haploid generation (n)
produced from meiosis in the sporophyte phase. Haploid spores are produced. These spores develop into a second type of thallus that is
haploid. These haploid thalli then produce the haploid gametes, which are released for fertilization.

49
Q

Sporophyte

A

This is a diploid (2n) generation.

50
Q

What does alternation of
generations mean?

A

Two generations; a sporophyte (2n) phase and a gametophyte (n) phase

51
Q

Where are flowering plants
found in the marine
environment? Why?

A

Coastal areas such as estuaries,
salt-marshes, sand dunes.
Most plants cannot tolerate
seawater.

52
Q

What is the
only marine
plant that is
truly marine?

A

Seagrass

53
Q

What is the name of
the horizontal stem
system that grows
beneath the
sediment?

A

rhizomes

54
Q

Salt-Marsh Plants

A

Provides habitats for a variety of
organisms and protection against
coastal erosion

55
Q

Mangroves

A

Shrubs and trees that can tolerate salt. Located by tropical and subtropical shores. They are not
found in the extreme north or south because they cannot tolerate frost

Marine Science (6 decks)

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