Ch 7-8 Review

Question 1

How did the presidents of the Gilded Age compare to Lincoln? Why?

Answer 1

Compared to Lincoln the presidents of the Gilded Age were weak because they were elected with slim majorities and were perceived to lack integrity with the exception of Grover Cleveland

Question 2

How did the Pendleton Act help to limit political corruption?

Answer 2

By creating a civil service system based on merit rather than on political connections

Question 3

Who benefited from a high tariff? Who was hurt? Which political party supported high tariffs? Which political party opposed high tariffs?

Answer 3

American business benefited and American consumers lost from a tariff. The tariff was supported by Republicans and opposed by Democrats.

Question 4

What problems did farmers face in the Gilded Age? How did they propose to solve them?

Answer 4

Farmers faced rising costs of production, declining crop prices and increasing debt. Farmers formed the Farmers Alliance and Grange to negotiate prices on supplies and demanded the regulation of railroads, elevators and the free coinage of silver to cause inflation

Question 5

Why did farmers want a loose money policy (the minting of silver)?

Answer 5

A loose money policy would cause inflation which would lead to higher crop prices. As a result, farmers would be able to pay back their loans with cheaper dollars.

Question 6

How did Populists propose to solve the country’s problems?

Answer 6

Populists demanded the free coinage of silver and government ownership of railroads

Question 7

Describe the legacy of the populists.

Answer 7

Many Populist reforms became reality under the Progressives - the income tax, regulation of railroads, a more flexible monetary policy

Question 8

How did Progressives differ from Populists?

Answer 8

Populists were mainly farmers while Progressives were predominantly middle-class urbanites

Question 9

Christianity was the basis for reform according to . . .

Answer 9

Walter Rauschenbusch

Question 10

Describe the conditions of factory workers in the early 20th century.

Answer 10

Industrial workers worked long hours, in dirty, poorly ventilated factories with unsafe machines.

Question 11

Workers’ compensation laws were passed as a result of what tragedy?

Answer 11

Triangle Shirt Waist Factory fire

Question 12

Why did progressives target political machines? What success did they achieve?

Answer 12

They wanted to curb corruption in government. The direct primary and commission form of government helped as well as the initiative, referendum, and recall

Question 13

What event led to the formation of the NAACP?

Answer 13

Riots in Springfield Illinois which ended in the attempted lynching of two African Americans

Question 14

How did racism limit the achievements of the Progressive Era?

Answer 14

Antipathy to immigrants led to Prohibition and prejudice against African-Americans led to segregation even in areas outside the South

Question 15

How were the NWP And NAWSA different?

Answer 15

While both wanted female suffrage the NWP was more radical. The NWP engaged in hunger strikes and voting illegally as a form of civil disobedience

Question 16

What was the goal of the Women’s Christian Temperance Movement?

Answer 16

The abolition of the sale, manufacture, and consumption of alcohol

Question 17

What were the goals of progressive women reformers?

Answer 17

Suffrage, more opportunities in education and the workforce.

Question 18

How did the education of women affect the Progressive Era?

Answer 18

Education allowed them to achieve their goals (overall suffrage) and to tackle the problems of society

Question 19

Was Theodore Roosevelt opposed to all trusts? Explain.

Answer 19

No. Theodore Roosevelt was not opposed to trusts that did business fairly. The trouble is who defines what is fair?

Question 20

Why did President Roosevelt threaten to take control of PA coal mines in 1902?

Answer 20

Coal was needed to keep factories running and homes warm, so he threatened the mine owners so they would give in to the demands of the workers

Question 21

Congress passed what law to regulate the use of water in the West?

Answer 21

National Reclamation Act

Question 22

Who represented each party in the 1912 election?
Bull Moose

Democratic

Republican

Answer 22

Progressive (Bull Moose) - Theodore Roosevelt

Democratic - Woodrow Wilson

Republican - William Howard Taft

Question 23

Outlawed the manufacture, transportation, sale and consumption of alcohol

Answer 23

18th Amendment

Question 24

Guaranteed the right to vote regardless of sex (women’s suffrage)

Answer 24

19th Amendment

Question 25

Called for the direct election of senators rather than their appointment by state legislatures

Answer 25

17th Amendment

Question 26

Permitted the federal government to levy an income tax

Answer 26

16th Amendment

Question 27

Strengthened the Sherman Act by defining illegal business activities such as interlocking directorates

Answer 27

Clayton Antitrust Act

Question 28

Created the Federal Reserve Bank system to oversee monetary policy

Answer 28

Federal Reserve Act

Question 29

Established the Federal Trade Commission to monitor business practices, false advertising , and dishonest labeling

Answer 29

Federal Trade Commission Act

Question 30

Authorized the federal government to regulate railroad rates and set maximum prices for ferries, bridge tolls, and oil pipelines

Answer 30

Hepburn Act

Question 31

Allowed the federal government to inspect meat sold across state lines and required inspection of meat-processing plants

Answer 31

Meat Inspection Act

Question 32

Allowed federal inspection of food and medicine and banned the shipment and sale of impure food and the mislabeling of food and medicine

Answer 32

Pure Food and Drug Act

Question 33

Lowered tariffs on imported goods and established a graduated income tax

Answer 33

Underwood Tariff Act

Question 34

How did African Americans defend themselves from discrimination during the Progressive Era?

Answer 34

They formed the NAACP and Urban League to combat discrimination

Question 35

How did Japanese Americans defend themselves from discrimination during the Progressive Era?

Answer 35

To protect their property they titled it in the names of their citizen children

Question 36

How did Jewish Americans defend themselves from discrimination during the Progressive Era?

Answer 36

They formed the Anti-Defamation League

Question 37

How did Mexican Americans defend themselves from discrimination during the Progressive Era?

Answer 37

They formed mutualistas and the Partido Liberal Mexicano

Question 38

How did Native Americans defend themselves from discrimination during the Progressive Era?

Answer 38

They formed the Society of American Indians to protest federal Indian policy