Ch. 7 Flashcards
prejudice
a hostile or negative attitude toward a distinguishable group, on the basis of generalizations derived from faulty or incomplete information; contains a cognitive, an emotional, and a behavioral component
stereotype
to generalize characteristics, motives, or behavior to an entire group of people; the images in our head that shape our impressions of people or groups of people
hostile sexism
reflecting an active dislike of women; holding stereotypical views of a woman that suggest that women are inferior to men
benevolent sexism
an attitude toward women that appears to be favorable but is actually patronizing; holds stereotypically positive views of women but underneath assumes that women are the weaker and less competent sex
discrimination
unfair treatment of members of a stigmatized group
Implicit Association Test (IAT)
measures the speed of people’s positive and negative associations to a target group
ingroup bias
when we favor our own group over another
scapegoating
the process of blaming a relatively powerless innocent person form something that is not his or her fault
attributional ambiguity
a phenomenon whereby members of a stigmatized group have difficulty in interpreting feedback on their work or actions
stereotype threat
the apprehension experienced by members of a minority group that they might confirm an existing (negative) cultural stereotype; this apprehension
has been shown to interfere with intellectual performance
interdependence
a situation in which individuals need one another to succeed
jigsaw classroom
a cooperative classroom structure designed to reduce ethnic, race, and gender prejudice and raise the self-esteem and confidence of children by having them work in small, racially mixed, cooperative groups
The Law of Least Effort
We maximize cognitive effort by relying on simple, sketchy beliefs for some topics
