Ch. 4

Question 1

groupthink

Answer 1

a kind of thinking in which maintaining group agreement overrides a careful consideration of the facts in a realistic manner

Question 2

conformity

Answer 2

changes in a person’s behavior or opinions as a result of real or imagined pressure from a person or a group of people

Question 3

social learning

Answer 3

the process by which we learn social behavior by observing others

Question 4

reference groups

Answer 4

groups that we belong to and identify with

Question 5

bystander effect

Answer 5

what occurs when another bystander or other bystanders tend(s) to inhibit helpful actions

Question 6

diffusion of responsibility

Answer 6

a phenomenon where the awareness of other witnesses diffuses a bystander’s feelings of responsibility to take action

Question 7

pluralistic ignorance

Answer 7

the collective belief in a false norm created by the ambiguous behavior of others

Question 8

compliance

Answer 8

describes the behavior of a person motivated by the desire for reward or to avoid punishment

Question 9

identification

Answer 9

a response to social influence brought about by an individual’s desire to be like the influencer

Question 10

internalization

Answer 10

the most deeply rooted response to social influence; motivation to internalize a particular belief rooted in the desire to be right

Question 11

debriefing

Answer 11

the procedure whereby the purpose of the study and exactly what transpired is explained to participants at the end of an experiment

Question 12

Informational Social Influence

Answer 12

(The Need to Know What’s “Right”)
We see others as a source of information
– Interpretation of ambiguous situation more correct
– Crisis situations

Question 13

Normative Social Influence

Answer 13

(The Need to be Accepted)

– Conformity to be liked and accepted by others