Ch 6 Test Materials Flashcards
Organ
the body’s recognizable structures (for example, the heart, lungs, liver, eyes, and stomach) that perform specific functions. An organ is made of several types of tissue and therefore several types of cells.
Integumentary System
your body’s outer layer. It’s made up of your skin, nails, hair and the glands and nerves on your skin. Your integumentary system acts as a physical barrier — protecting your body from bacteria, infection, injury and sunlight.
Epidermis
Your epidermis is the outermost layer of skin on your body. It protects your body from harm, keeps your body hydrated, produces new skin cells and contains melanin, which determines the color of your skin.
Epidermis Job
acts like armor to protect your body from harm, including ultraviolet (UV) radiation, pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites) and chemicals. Skin color.
Layers of the Epidermis
stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum. The stratum basale is a single layer of cells primarily made of basal cells.
Melanin
Melanin is a complex polymer that originates from the amino acid tyrosine. Melanin is present in human and animal skin to varying degrees, and is responsible for your unique eye, hair and skin color.
Skin Color
The epidermis contains melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color. The amount of melanin you have determines the color of your skin, hair and eyes. People who make more melanin have darker skin and may tan more quickly.
Dermis
The dermis is a connective tissue layer sandwiched between the epidermis and subcutaneous tissue. The dermis is a fibrous structure composed of collagen, elastic tissue, and other extracellular components that include vasculature, nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands.
Dermal Blood Vessels
The blood vessels in the dermis are crucial for the maintenance of the epidermis and epidermal appendages. Nutrients via blood support the epidermis, hair follicles, and sweat glands.
Nerve Cell Processes and The Dermis
Nerve endings in your dermis allow you to feel different sensations, like pressure, pain, heat, cold and itchiness. Producing sweat: Your dermis contains sweat glands, which produce sweat when you’re hot or experience stress. Sweat helps control your body temperature (thermoregulation).
Dermis and Hair Follicles, Sebaceous Glands, and Sweat Glands
Keeping your skin moist: Your dermis contains sebaceous glands, which secrete an oily lubricant (sebum) that helps keep your skin and hair hydrated and shiny. Producing hair: Your dermis contains hair follicles, which produce hair all over your skin, except the palms of your hands and the soles of your feet.
Nails and Keratinized Epidermal Cells
As epidermal cells below the nail root move up to the surface of the skin, they increase in number. Those closest to the nail root get flat and pressed tightly together. Each cell becomes a thin plate; these plates pile into layers to form the nail. As with hair, nails form by keratinization.
Hair Follicle
A hair follicle is a tube-like structure (pore) that surrounds the root and strand of a hair. Hair follicles exist in the top two layers of your skin.
Keratinization
Keratinization is defined as cytoplasmic events that take place in keratinocytes that move through the different layers of the epidermis to finally differentiate into corneocytes.
Hair Color
Human hair color is the pigmentation of human hair follicles and shafts due to two types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin. Generally, the more melanin present, the darker the hair. Its tone depends on the ratio of black or brown eumelanin to yellow or red pheomelanin.
Eumelanin and Pheomelanin
There are two types of melanin in mammals, the brownish black eumelanin and the reddish yellow pheomelanin. Eumelanin and pheomelanin are present in human hair and this study was carried out to see whether both pigments are also present in human epidermis.
Skin Glands
Both sebaceous glands and sweat glands are organs in your body that protect your skin from becoming too dry.
Sebaceous Glands
Sebaceous glands are an organ in your skin that make and secrete sebum. Sebum is a substance that provides a protective coating for your skin to help it retain moisture. Most of your sebaceous glands connect to your hair follicles.
Sweat Components
These components are composed primarily of water but also small amounts of minerals (such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium), metabolites (such as lactate, ammonia, and urea), and unmetabolized pharmaceutical drugs.
Swear Glands as Coiled Tubes
Sweat glands are appendages of the integument. There are eccrine and apocrine sweat glands. They differ in embryology, distribution, and function. Eccrine sweat glands are simple, coiled, tubular glands present throughout the body, most numerously on the soles of the feet.
Skin Jobs
Provides a protective barrier against mechanical, thermal and physical injury and hazardous substances.
Prevents loss of moisture.
Reduces harmful effects of UV radiation.
Acts as a sensory organ (touch, detects temperature).
Helps regulate temperature.
An immune organ to detect infections etc.
Production of vitamin D
Body Temperature, Blood Vessels, and Sweat Glands
The body responds by dissipating heat via: Activating sympathetic cholinergic fibers innervating sweat glands, leading to increased sweat and increased heat loss. Inhibiting sympathetic activity in blood vessels of the skin, causing blood to be shunted to the skin and an increased heat loss.
Wound Healing
Haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling.
Skin Injuries and Inflammation
In response to tissue injury, inflammatory cells are recruited to wounded tissue. The acute inflammatory response is followed by proliferation of fibroblasts, which are responsible for synthesizing collagen and extracellular matrix.