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Anatomy > Ch 2 Test Materials > Flashcards

Ch 2 Test Materials Flashcards

1
Q

Chemistry

A

a science that deals with the composition, structure, and properties of substances and with the changes that they go through

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2
Q

Matter

A

anything that takes up space and can be weighed

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3
Q

Atoms

A

The smallest part of a substance that cannot be broken down chemically

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4
Q

Elements

A

a simple substance that cannot be broken down into smaller parts or changed into another substance.

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5
Q

Combined Elements

A

A compound is a substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion. Compounds may be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means

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6
Q

Electrons

A

a negatively charged subatomic particle that can be either bound to an atom or free (not bound)

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7
Q

Nucleus

A

the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes

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8
Q

Protons

A

a subatomic particle with a positive electrical charge

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9
Q

Neutrons

A

neutral subatomic particle

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10
Q

Ion

A

an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.

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11
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

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12
Q

Radioactive

A

emitting or relating to the emission of ionizing radiation or particles

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13
Q

Ionic Bonds

A

a chemical bond formed when one atom gives up one or more electrons to another atom

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14
Q

Hydrogen Bonds

A

a weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other

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15
Q

Molecule

A

a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction

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16
Q

Compound

A

a chemical substance that combines two or more elements

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17
Q

Molecular Formula

A

a formula giving the number of atoms of each of the elements present in one molecule of a specific compound

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18
Q

Structural Formula

A

identify the location of chemical bonds between the atoms of a molecule

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19
Q

Chemical Formula

A

a set of chemical symbols showing the elements present in a compound and their relative proportions, and in some cases the structure of the compound

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20
Q

Acids

A

A chemical that gives off hydrogen ions in water and forms salts by combining with certain metals.

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21
Q

Bases

A

a substance that can neutralize the acid by reacting with hydrogen ions.

22
Q

PH

A

A measure of how acidic or basic a substance or solution is

23
Q

Neutral

A

a water solution that is neither acidic nor basic, or an atom or molecule with no electrical charge

24
Q

Acidic

A

any hydrogen-containing substance that is capable of donating a proton (hydrogen ion) to another substance. Red on blue litmus paper

25
Q

Basic (Akaline)

A

the study of matter and its interactions with other matter and energy. Blue on red litmus paper

26
Q

Buffers

A

a solution that can resist pH change upon the addition of an acidic or basic components

27
Q

Solvent

A

the ability to be dissolved, especially in water

28
Q

Carbohydrates

A

any of a large group of organic compounds that includes sugars, starch, and cellulose, containing hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water (2:1) and used as structural materials and for energy storage within living tissues

29
Q

Sugar

A

any of the class of soluble, crystalline, typically sweet-tasting carbohydrates found in living tissues and exemplified by glucose and sucrose.

30
Q

Lipids

A

any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids.

31
Q

Triglcerides

A

an ester formed from glycerol and three fatty acid groups. Triglycerides are the main constituents of natural fats and oils, and high concentrations in the blood indicate an elevated risk of stroke

32
Q

Phospholipids

A

a lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule

33
Q

Steroids

A

a man-made version of chemicals, known as hormones, that are made naturally in the human body

34
Q

Proteins

A

A molecule made up of amino acids. Proteins are needed for the body to function properly. They are the basis of body structures, such as skin and hair, and of other substances such as enzymes, cytokines, and antibodies.

35
Q

Amino Acids

A

molecules that combine to form proteins. Amino acids and proteins are the building blocks of life. When proteins are digested or broken down, amino acids are the result.

36
Q

Conformation

A

any of the spatial arrangements which the atoms in a molecule may adopt and freely convert between, especially by rotation about individual single bonds.

37
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

large biomolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses. A major function of nucleic acids involves the storage and expression of genomic information. Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, encodes the information cells need to make proteins.

38
Q

Nucleotides

A

a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.
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39
Q

RNA

A

RNA is a ribonucleic acid that helps in the synthesis of proteins in our body. This nucleic acid is responsible for the production of new cells in the human body. It is usually obtained from the DNA molecule.

40
Q

DNA

A

the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism.

41
Q

Covalent Bonds

A

the interatomic linkage that results from the sharing of an electron pair between two atoms

42
Q

Disulfide Linkages

A

covalent interactions formed between the sulfur atoms of two cysteine residues.

43
Q

The same four elements that generally compose the mass of plants and humans.

A

carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), and nitrogen (N)

44
Q

The same four elements that generally compose the mass of plants and humans.

A

carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), and nitrogen (N)

45
Q

Main component of juices in the digestive tract.

A

amylase, lipase, and protease

46
Q

What is the relationship between cellular respiration and building proteins from amino acids?

A

they are first broken down into individual amino acids

47
Q

What is the difference between organic and inorganic chemistry?

A

Organic chemistry is the study of molecules that contain carbon compounds. In contrast, inorganic chemistry is the study of all compounds that do NOT contain carbon compounds

48
Q

What is the difference between anabolic and catabolic reactions?

A

Anabolic reactions use energy to build complex molecules from simpler organic compounds (e.g., proteins from amino acids, carbohydrates from sugars, fats from fatty acids and glycerol); catabolic reactions break complex molecules down into simpler ones, releasing chemical energy.

49
Q

What is the difference between a compound and a molecule?

A

A molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. A compound is a substance which is formed by two or more different types of elements which are united chemically in a fixed proportion. All molecules are not compounds. All compounds are molecules.

50
Q

What is the basic structure of an atom?

A

protons, electrons, and neutrons. The nucleus (center) of the atom contains the protons (positively charged) and the neutrons (no charge). The outermost regions of the atom are called electron shells and contain the electrons (negatively charged).

Anatomy (5 decks)

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