CH 6 Test Material Flashcards
Define unicellular organism
An organism made up of only one cell
Define multicellular organism
An organism that is made up of more than one cell
Define cellular differentiation
The process by which a cell becomes specialized to perform a specific function
Define vertebrate
An animal with a backbone
Define invertebrate
An animal without a backbone
Define movement
A change in the shape or figure of all or part of an organism; a characteristic of all living things
Define locomotion
Movement that takes an object from one place in its environment to another; a characteristics of animals, animal-like protists, and some bacteria, but not plants or fungi
How are organisms classified?
Organisms are classified by:
- Animals
- Plants
- Bacteria
- Fungi
- Protists
Define Tissue
A group of differentiated cells that work together to perform a specific function
Define Organ System
A group of organs that work together to perform related functions
What does Unicellular organisms do?
Unicellular organisms obtain nutrients, exchange gases, and remove wastes
Many Unicellular organisms have what?
Many Unicellular organisms have special structures that they use for movement, locomotion, and nutrition
What is the difference between movement and locomotion?
In multicellular organisms, organ systems are used for what?
In multicellular organisms, organ systems such as the musculoskeletal system are used to perform life processes
What do Plants organize their cells into?
Plants organize their cells into tissues, organs, and organ systems
Plants have which systems?
Plants have a root system and a stem system, which they use to perform the process of life
A multicellular organism cannot survive on what?
A multicellular organism cannot survive on one system alone. In humans, for example, the respiratory and circulatory system work together to provide the cells in the body with oxygen
Different organisms perform what?
Different organisms perform the processes of life in different ways
What happens when cells are not able to perform their functions?
When cells are not able to perform their functions, the health of the organism is affected
Unicellular organism can be beneficial to what?
Unicellular organism can be beneficial to health of many multicellular organisms. The human digestive system, for example, relies on many micro-organisms to digest food and to provide certain vitamins
Some micro-organisms can cause what?
Some micro-organisms, such as bacteria and protists, can cause human illnesses and diseases, such as strep throat and malaria
What happens when Cells are not able to function properly?
Cells that are not able to function properly can cause diseases in humans. Diabetes and cancer are caused in this way
All organ systems what?
All organ systems work together and depend on each other. If one system fails, the health of the organism is jepardized (to do something that may destroy it or cause it to fail.)
Cells are the what?
Cells are the basis of life
Cells organize into what?
Cells organize into tissues, tissues into organs, organs into organ systems, and organ systems into organisms
Healthy cells contribute to what?
Healthy cells contribute to healthy organisms
Systems are what?
Systems are interdependent
Organisms can be made up of what?
Organisms can be made up of one cell (unicellular organisms) or many cells (multicellular organisms)
Define Specialized Cells
cells with unique structures and functions in the body
What is the 4 types of Animal Tissues and their Functions?
connective tissue, epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue
What is the five systems?
Circulatory system:
Respiratory system:
Digestive system:
Musculoskeletal system:
Nervous system:
What is the five human organ systems organs and structures involved
Circulatory system:
• heart
• blood vessels
Respiratory system:
• lungs
• windpipe
• blood vessels
Digestive system:
• mouth
• esophagus
• stomach
• liver
• pancreas
• small and large intestines
• anus
Musculoskeletal system:
• bones
• muscles
Nervous system:
• brain
• spinal cord
• sensory organs (eyes, ears, nose, taste buds)
Which organ system do vertebrate animals use to help them respond to the environment
The Nervous system
How can humans respond to their environment?
Humans respond to their environment by the five senses
How can skin be classified as an organ?
Skin can be classified an organ because it comprises different tissues which act together to perform dedicated and specific functions.
Must larger animals be composed of larger cells? Why or why not?
Larger animals do not have to be composed of larger cells. The size of an organism is not just determined by the size of its individual cells.
What systems would be affected if your heart stop beating?
Cardiovascular System, Respiratory System, Central Nervous System, Renal System
What is two examples that show how micro-organisms help multicellular organisms survive?
Micro-organisms help living multicellular organisms by breaking down dead plant and animal tissues, enriching the soil for farming and eliminating harmful bacteria.
What is Paramecia and what does it do?
Paramecia are really tiny creatures with little hairs called cilia. These cilia help them move towards their food by creating water currents. The paramecium’s mouth groove also has cilia that help bring the food inside. Once inside, the food gets digested slowly and the cell absorbs the nutrients. Any waste is eliminated through an opening called an anal pore.
What is the major function of the 5 systems
Circulatory system: • transports nutrients, dissolved gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide), and wastes to and from individual cells in the organism
Respiratory system: • exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and the external environment
Digestive system: • breaks food down into small particles, called nutrients, that can be transported by the circulatory system to all cells of the body
Musculoskeletal system: • provides structural support to the body
• protects internal structures from the outside environment
• plays a role in movement and locomotion
Nervous system: • responds to changes in the internal and external environment of the body
• coordinates the function of all other organ systems
What is the major tissues in the 5 systems
Circulatory system:
• epithelial
• muscle
• nerve
• connective
Respiratory system:
• epithelial
• muscle
• nerve
• connective
Digestive system:
• epithelial
• muscle
• nerve
• connective
Musculoskeletal system:
• epithelial
• muscle
• nerve
• connective
Nervous system:
• epithelial
• nerve
• connective
What are 2 examples of Cellular Differentiation?
Fat cells and muscle cells
