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Science 8 > CH 2 Short Answer > Flashcards

CH 2 Short Answer Flashcards

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1
Q

What does “Inclined” Mean?

A

Inclined means Tilted

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2
Q

What does “Plane” mean?

A

Plane means Flat Surface

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3
Q

What is the Modern Archimedes’ Screw used for?

A

Modern Archimedes’ Screw is used for moving sludge in sewage plants and to gently move fish within hatcheries

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4
Q

What is an Archimedes’ Screw used for?

A

An Archimedes’ Screw used for lifting water

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5
Q

What are Levers designed for?

A

Levers are designed so that the force applied to one part of the lever can be changed or redirected in order to move a load.

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6
Q

What is the Load Force sometimes called?

A

The Load Force is sometimes called resistance

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7
Q

What are the 3 classes of levers, explain each class of lever

A

Class 1 levers: The fulcrum is between the load force and the input force

Class 2 levers: The load force is between the fulcrum and the input force

Class 3 levers: The input force is between the fulcrum and the load force

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8
Q

What is part of many Physical Systems?

A

Rotary motion, or turning motion, is a part of many physical systems, either as an input, as an output, or both.

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9
Q

Explain What is Turning Motion

A

Often, Turning motion is transferred to another part of the system through the use of wheels, pulleys, and gears.

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10
Q

What is an Expample of Turning Motion?

A

An Example of a Turning Motion is when you ride a bicycle, the gears and chain transform the rotary motion of the pedals into the rotary motion of the back wheel.

An Example of a Turning Motion is a well with a bucket that is raised and lowered by turning a crank. The crank is a modified lever that rotates around its fulcrum.

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11
Q

What is the Most Common Wheel Mechanism?

A

The Wheel and Axle is the Most Common Wheel Mechanism.

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12
Q

What does a Wheel and Axle Consist of?

A

A Wheel and Axel consists of a large diameter disk (wheel) attached to a small diameter shaft (axle).

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13
Q

What does using the Wheel to Turn The Axle Change?

A

Using the Wheel to Turn The Axle Changes a Small Input Force into a Larger Output Force.

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14
Q

What is an Example of Wheel and Axles?

A

An Example of Wheel and Axles is a Car’s Steering Wheel. The Steering Wheel has a Greater Diameter than the Steering Column (Axle). A Small Force on The Steering Wheel Creates a Larger Force On The Axle and, therefore, A Larger Force On The Wheels Of The Car. However, The Greater Diameter Of The Steering Wheel Means The Driver’s Hands Travel Farther Than They Would If He Had Applied The Force To The Column Itself.

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15
Q

Wheel and Axles Sometimes Work in What Way, and Why?

A

Wheel and Axles Sometimes Work in the Opposite way because A Large Input Force On The Axle is Used to Gain an Advantage in Distance.

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16
Q

What do Gears used in Combination Form?

A

When Gears are Used in Combination With One Another, They Form A Gear Train.

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17
Q

Depending on the Purposes of the Devices, Gears Work By What?

A

Depending on the Purpose of the Device, Gears Work either by Reducing The Input Force Required To Push Or Pull Objects

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18
Q

Pulleys can be Used in What Way?

A

Pulleys can be Used By Themselves As Single Pulleys or In Combination With Other Pulleys To Create a Pulley System.

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19
Q

What do Pulley Systems Contain?

A

Pulley systems can contain fixed and moveable pulleys.

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20
Q

What is a Fixed Pulley Attached to?

A

A fixed pulley is attached to a rigid, non-moveable structure at some point

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21
Q

What is a Moveable Pulley is NOT Attached to?

A

A Moveable Pulley is NOT Attached to a Fixed Structure

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22
Q

What are the 6 Simple Machines?

A

The 6 Simple Machines Are The Inclined Plane, The Wedge, The Screw, The Lever, The Wheel And Axle, and The Pulley

23
Q

What 2 groups can the 6 Simple Machines be Caterogized in?

A

The 2 Groups that The 6 Simple Machines can be Caterogized in are Those Related To The Inclined Plane (The Wedge And The Screw) And Those Related To The Lever (The Wheel And Axle And The Pulley).

24
Q

What does Levers form?

A

Levers form the basis of many tools, inclusing scissors, some door handles, backhoes, and a ladder truck

25
Q

What Unit do we use to Measure Weight?

A

To Measure Weight we use Newtons (N)

26
Q

What is the Relationship Between Input Force, Output Force, And Load Force?

A
27
Q

What is the 1st Gear in a Gear Trian Called and Why?

A

The 1st Gear In Gear Train is a Driver because It Decides Which Way It Turns.

28
Q

What is The Rest Of The Gears Called in a Gear Train?

A

The Rest of the Gears in a Gear Train is Called Follower Gears.

29
Q

If a Driver Gear goes Clockwise, What Direction Would The Follower Gears Go?

A

If a Driver Gear goes Clockwise, The Follower Gears Would Go Counter Clockwise.

30
Q

If a Driver Gear goes Counter Clockwise, What Direction Would The Follower Gears Go?

A

If a Driver Gear goes Counter Clockwise, The Follower Gears Would Go Clockwise.

31
Q

Earth exerts a force of _____ per ______?

A

Earth exerts a force of 9.8N per kilogram of an object’s mass

32
Q

The moon has much less mass than Earth so the gravitational pull is?

A

The moon has much less mass than Earth so the gravitational pull is less; about one-sixth of Earth gravitational pull

33
Q

What is the Force “Newton” named after?

A

The Force Newton is named after Sir Isaac Newton; an english physicist who developed many of our current ideas about Force and Motion

34
Q

What are the 4 fundamental forces in nature?

A

The 4 Fundamental Forces in Nature is Gravitational force, electromagnetic force, strong nuclear force, weak nuclear force

35
Q

What Does the Head of the Arrow indicate?

A

The head of the arrow indicates direction

36
Q

What does the Length\Thickness of the Arrow Indicate?

A

the length or thickness of the arrow indicates the magnitude.

37
Q

What does 1 Newton-metre equal?

A

1 Newton-metre equals 1 Joule

38
Q

What does 1 Joule equal

A

1 Joule equals 1 Newton-metre

39
Q

What are 2 common lubricants?

A

Ski wax and engine oil are two common lubricants.

40
Q

What is the formula for MA (Length)

A

MA= Effort Arm Length
—————
Load Arm Length

41
Q

What is the Formula for MA (Distance)

A

MA= Input Distance
—————
Output Distance

42
Q

What is the formula for Actual MA

A

Actual MA= Measured Output Force
———————————
Measured Input Force

43
Q

What is Energy often defined as?

A

Energy is often defined as the ability to do work.

44
Q

When is Work done?

A

Work is done only when a force applied to an object causes the object to move a distance parallel to the force.

45
Q

One Kilojoule (kj) is equal to how many joules (J) ?

A

One kilojoule (kj) is equal to one thousand joules (J)

(1 kJ = 1000 J).

46
Q

One thousand Joules (J) is equal to how many kilojoules (KJ)?

A

One thousand joules (J) is equal to one kilojoule (KJ)

(1000 J= 1 KJ).

47
Q

What Unit is Force Applied As?

A

Force is applied in Newtons (N)

48
Q

What Unit is Distance Moved In?

A

Distance is Moved in Metres (M)

49
Q

1000m= _km

A

1000m= 1km

50
Q

1km=____m

A

1km= 1000m

51
Q

How can energy be consumed when no work is done?

A

you use energy to apply forces on things to make them move. not all of the energy consumed is turned into useful work. Energy was consumed applying the force even when there was no work done.

Ex: When you tried to move the rock, you consumed energy, but the rock did not move. Energy was used as your muscles contracted while pushing on the rock. Your heart pumped more blood and your chest muscles moved air in and out of your lungs as you applied more force. In other words, work was done on your internal organs, but not on the rock.

52
Q

W= _x D How do you find Force?

A

F= W
—
D

53
Q

W= F x _ How do you find Distance?

A

D= W
—
F

54
Q

What is the Formula for Work?

A

W= F x D

Science 8 (29 decks)

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