CH 6 Short Answers

Question 1

What is the difference between Locomotion and Movement

Answer 1

Movement: A change in the shape or figure of all or part of an organism; a characteristic of all living things

Locomotion: Movement that takes an object from one place in its environment to another; a characteristics of animals, animal-like protists, and some bacteria, but not plants or fungi

Question 2

What are Protists?

Answer 2

Protists are organisms that share characteristics of both plants and animals but are not classified as either. They can be unicellular or multicellular and typically thrive in moist environments. Protists possess all the organelles found in animal cells and some of them are capable of photosynthesis.

Question 3

How are organisms classified by?

Answer 3

Organisms are classified by:

1. Animals
2. Plants
3. Bacteria
4. Fungi
5. Protists

Question 4

What is the main difference between vertebrates and invertebrates?

Answer 4

Vertebrates: An animal with a backbone

Invertebrates: An animal without a backbone

Question 5

What is the differance between Unicellular and multicellular, give 2 examples of each.

Answer 5

Unicellular: An organism made up of only one cell
Bacteria, Fungi

Multicellular: An organism made up of more than one cell
Plants, Humans

Question 6

What are some Examples of Multicellular Organisms?

Answer 6

plants -photosythethis, land or water
animals- vertebrates, invertebrates

Question 7

What are some Examples of Unicellular Organisms?

Answer 7

bacteria -no nucleus, colonies

Question 8

What are some Examples of Both Multicellular and Unicellular Organisms?

Answer 8

fungi
protists

Question 9

Living things are often called what?

Answer 9

Living things are often called Organisms

Question 10

Organisms are living systems composed of what?

Answer 10

Organisms are living systems composed of smaller parts working together to carry out the processes of life.

Question 11

Many unicellular organisms live in what?

Answer 11

Many unicellular organisms live in bodies of water and must move around to find food.

Question 12

Unicellular organisms must obtain nutrients by what?

Answer 12

Unicellular organisms must obtain nutrients by eating other organisms.

Question 13

Plant-like protists, and some types of bacteria, can make their own food through what?

Answer 13

Plant-like protists, and some types of bacteria, can make their own food through photosynthesis

Question 14

Other micro-organisms, such as fungi and bacteria, interact with one another to what?

Answer 14

Other micro-organisms, such as fungi and bacteria, interact with one another to obtain nutrients.

Question 15

What is Paramecia and what does it do?

Answer 15

Paramecia are really tiny creatures with little hairs called cilia. These cilia help them move towards their food by creating water currents. The paramecium’s mouth groove also has cilia that help bring the food inside. Once inside, the food gets digested slowly and the cell absorbs the nutrients. Any waste is eliminated through an opening called an anal pore.

Question 16

What is the Amoeba and what does it do?

Answer 16

The amoeba is another animal-like protist that must move about to find food. Amoebas use phagocytosis to consume organisms. They engulf the food and form a food vacuole. Chemicals are released into the vacuole to break down the food and the particles diffuse into the cell’s cytoplasm. The wastes are then excreted out of the cell by exocytosis.

Question 17

In unicellular organisms, oxygen and carbon dioxide does what?

Answer 17

In unicellular organisms, oxygen diffuses across the cell membrane into the cell. Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the cell once the concentration of carbon dioxide is higher inside the cell than it is outside of the cell.

Question 18

Some micro-organisms can survive without what?

Answer 18

Some micro-organisms, including some bacteria and fungi, can survive without oxygen. Yeast is a unicellular fungus that can survive without oxygen. This characteristic makes yeast useful in many industries.

Question 19

Unicellular organisms must sense their surroundings in what?

Answer 19

Unicellular organisms must sense their surroundings in other ways. Some bacteria can detect chemicals, such as sugar, in their environment and move toward them. Photosynthetic protists can detect light using special sensors.

Question 20

Multicellular organisms have more what?

Answer 20

Multicellular organisms have more working parts (cells) than unicellular organisms.

Question 21

All multicellular organisms start as a what?

Answer 21

All multicellular organisms start as a single cell.

Cell division results in the formation of new cells, which stay close together. The size of the organism is determined by the number of cells. As the number of cells increases, they become more specialized in performing specific functions.

Question 22

When cells work together to perform one specific function, they are what?

Answer 22

When cells work together to perform one specific function, they are generally more efficient than one cell working on its own.

Question 23

In animals, four basic types of tissue are what?

Answer 23

In animals, four basic types of tissue are epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, connective tissue, and nervous tissue. Blood is an example of connective tissue. In humans, epithelial tissue can be found covering the external surfaces of the body and lining the surfaces of structures such as the mouth, heart, liver, and eyes.

Question 24

In plants, tissues made from what?

Answer 24

In plants, tissues made from thin-walled plant cells are commonly found in the parts of the plant that carry water and nutrients.

Question 25

Organ systems in animals include what?

Answer 25

Organ systems in animals include the circulatory system, respiratory system, digestive system, musculoskeletal system, and nervous system.

Question 26

Plants have what?

Answer 26

Plants have two major organ systems: the root system and the shoot system.

Question 27

Describe the Circulatory system

Answer 27

Major Function: transports nutrients, dissolved gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide), and wastes to and from individual cells in the organism

Major Organs: • heart
• blood vessels

Major Tissues: • epithelial
• muscle
• nerve
• connective

Question 28

Describe the Respiratory system

Answer 28

Major Function: exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and the external environment

Major Organs: • lungs
• windpipe
• blood vessels

Major Tissues: • epithelial
• muscle
• nerve
• connective

Question 29

Describe the Digestive system

Answer 29

Major Function: breaks food down into small particles, called nutrients, that can be transported by the circulatory system to all cells of the body

Major Organs: mouth
• esophagus
• stomach
• liver
• pancreas
• small and large intestines
• anus

Major Tissues: epithelial
• muscle
• nerve
• connective

Question 30

Describe the Musculoskeletal system

Answer 30

Major Function: • provides structural support to the body
• protects internal structures from the outside environment
• plays a role in movement and locomotion

Major Organs: • bones
• muscles

Major Tissues: • epithelial
• muscle
• nerve
• connective

Question 31

Describe the Nervous system

Answer 31

Major Function: • responds to changes in the internal and external environment of the body
• coordinates the function of all other organ systems

Major Organs: • brain
• spinal cord
• sensory organs (eyes, ears, nose, taste buds)

Major Tissues: epithelial
• nerve
• connective

Question 32

What Systems work together?

Answer 32

The respiratory, digestive, and circulatory systems work together

Question 33

Animals are unable to make their own food and must survive by what?

Answer 33

Animals are unable to make their own food and must survive either by consuming living things (such as fruits, vegetables, and meat), or by consuming products that come from living things (such as eggs and honey).

Question 34

How does Plants absorb their nutrients?

Answer 34

Plants cannot hunt for nutrients as animals do. Instead, they obtain nutrients directly from their environment. Plants use roots to absorb water and nutrients from the soil.

Question 35

Small multicellular organisms use what to obtain oxygen?

Answer 35

Small multicellular organisms use diffusion to obtain oxygen. In all cases, oxygen is absorbed from the environment, and carbon dioxide is removed from the blood. The dissolved gases are transported in the blood.

Question 36

How is air inhaled in humans?

Answer 36

In humans, air is inhaled through the mouth and nose and passes into the trachea

Question 37

Plants have what?

Answer 37

Plants have special tissues containing stomates, which they use for gas exchange.

Question 38

All vertebrates and some invertebrates have what?

Answer 38

All vertebrates and some invertebrates have a complex nervous system.

Question 39

What works together to allow vertebrates to move around?

Answer 39

Muscles and bones work together to allow vertebrates to move around.

Question 40

How does many unicellular organisms play an important role in recycling nutrients?

Answer 40

Many unicellular organisms play an important role in recycling nutrients. Fungi and bacteria decompose dead organisms, releasing nutrients and CO2. Some bacteria can convert nitrogen into a fertilizer for plants.

Question 41

Other micro-organisms are used in what?

Answer 41

Other micro-organisms are used in the food industry. Yeast, for example, is used to produce breads and pastries. Yogurt is produced by bacterial action on milk.

Question 42

Some micro-organisms produce what?

Answer 42

Some micro-organisms produce antibiotics that we use to treat infections. For example, penicillin, a common antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections, is made from a fungus.

Question 43

Micro-organisms that live in the intestines contribute to what?

Answer 43

Micro-organisms that live in the intestines contribute to the health of your intestines, produce vitamins, and help break down foods that would otherwise be indigestible.

Question 44

Some micro-organisms can cause what?

Answer 44

Some micro-organisms can cause health problems, such as acne, strep throat, and diarrhea, in humans.

Question 45

Sometimes, cells are not able to what? Why does this happen?

Answer 45

Sometimes, cells are not able to function properly. An organism may inherit damaged genes that cause cells to fail, or environmental factors may damage cells.

Question 46

Diabetes is a disease caused by what?

Answer 46

Diabetes is a disease caused by dysfunctional cells that produce insufficient insulin. There are two types of diabetes - type 1 and type 2. In type 1, insulin must be injected into the body, while in type 2, blood sugar is regulated with exercise and diet.

Question 47

Cancer is caused by what?

Answer 47

Cancer is caused by dysfunctional cells that divide uncontrollably and form tumours. Benign tumours stay in one place, while malignant tumours spread to other parts of the body. Cancer can be caused by chemicals, infections, or inherited genes.

Question 48

Tissues made from thick-walled plant cells are found in what?

Answer 48

Tissues made from thick-walled plant cells are found in the parts of the plant that provide structure.

Question 49

Food material must be what?

Answer 49

Food material must be broken down into nutrients that the cells of the body can absorb and use for energy.