CH 6 Short Answers Flashcards
What is the difference between Locomotion and Movement
Movement: A change in the shape or figure of all or part of an organism; a characteristic of all living things
Locomotion: Movement that takes an object from one place in its environment to another; a characteristics of animals, animal-like protists, and some bacteria, but not plants or fungi
What are Protists?
Protists are organisms that share characteristics of both plants and animals but are not classified as either. They can be unicellular or multicellular and typically thrive in moist environments. Protists possess all the organelles found in animal cells and some of them are capable of photosynthesis.
How are organisms classified by?
Organisms are classified by:
- Animals
- Plants
- Bacteria
- Fungi
- Protists
What is the main difference between vertebrates and invertebrates?
Vertebrates: An animal with a backbone
Invertebrates: An animal without a backbone
What is the differance between Unicellular and multicellular, give 2 examples of each.
Unicellular: An organism made up of only one cell
Bacteria, Fungi
Multicellular: An organism made up of more than one cell
Plants, Humans
What are some Examples of Multicellular Organisms?
plants -photosythethis, land or water
animals- vertebrates, invertebrates
What are some Examples of Unicellular Organisms?
bacteria -no nucleus, colonies
What are some Examples of Both Multicellular and Unicellular Organisms?
fungi
protists
Living things are often called what?
Living things are often called Organisms
Organisms are living systems composed of what?
Organisms are living systems composed of smaller parts working together to carry out the processes of life.
Many unicellular organisms live in what?
Many unicellular organisms live in bodies of water and must move around to find food.
Unicellular organisms must obtain nutrients by what?
Unicellular organisms must obtain nutrients by eating other organisms.
Plant-like protists, and some types of bacteria, can make their own food through what?
Plant-like protists, and some types of bacteria, can make their own food through photosynthesis
Other micro-organisms, such as fungi and bacteria, interact with one another to what?
Other micro-organisms, such as fungi and bacteria, interact with one another to obtain nutrients.
What is Paramecia and what does it do?
Paramecia are really tiny creatures with little hairs called cilia. These cilia help them move towards their food by creating water currents. The paramecium’s mouth groove also has cilia that help bring the food inside. Once inside, the food gets digested slowly and the cell absorbs the nutrients. Any waste is eliminated through an opening called an anal pore.
What is the Amoeba and what does it do?
The amoeba is another animal-like protist that must move about to find food. Amoebas use phagocytosis to consume organisms. They engulf the food and form a food vacuole. Chemicals are released into the vacuole to break down the food and the particles diffuse into the cell’s cytoplasm. The wastes are then excreted out of the cell by exocytosis.
In unicellular organisms, oxygen and carbon dioxide does what?
In unicellular organisms, oxygen diffuses across the cell membrane into the cell. Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the cell once the concentration of carbon dioxide is higher inside the cell than it is outside of the cell.
Some micro-organisms can survive without what?
Some micro-organisms, including some bacteria and fungi, can survive without oxygen. Yeast is a unicellular fungus that can survive without oxygen. This characteristic makes yeast useful in many industries.
Unicellular organisms must sense their surroundings in what?
Unicellular organisms must sense their surroundings in other ways. Some bacteria can detect chemicals, such as sugar, in their environment and move toward them. Photosynthetic protists can detect light using special sensors.
Multicellular organisms have more what?
Multicellular organisms have more working parts (cells) than unicellular organisms.
All multicellular organisms start as a what?
All multicellular organisms start as a single cell.
Cell division results in the formation of new cells, which stay close together. The size of the organism is determined by the number of cells. As the number of cells increases, they become more specialized in performing specific functions.
When cells work together to perform one specific function, they are what?
When cells work together to perform one specific function, they are generally more efficient than one cell working on its own.
In animals, four basic types of tissue are what?
In animals, four basic types of tissue are epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, connective tissue, and nervous tissue. Blood is an example of connective tissue. In humans, epithelial tissue can be found covering the external surfaces of the body and lining the surfaces of structures such as the mouth, heart, liver, and eyes.
In plants, tissues made from what?
In plants, tissues made from thin-walled plant cells are commonly found in the parts of the plant that carry water and nutrients.
Organ systems in animals include what?
Organ systems in animals include the circulatory system, respiratory system, digestive system, musculoskeletal system, and nervous system.
Plants have what?
Plants have two major organ systems: the root system and the shoot system.
Describe the Circulatory system
Major Function: transports nutrients, dissolved gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide), and wastes to and from individual cells in the organism
Major Organs: • heart
• blood vessels
Major Tissues: • epithelial
• muscle
• nerve
• connective
Describe the Respiratory system
Major Function: exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and the external environment
Major Organs: • lungs
• windpipe
• blood vessels
Major Tissues: • epithelial
• muscle
• nerve
• connective
Describe the Digestive system
Major Function: breaks food down into small particles, called nutrients, that can be transported by the circulatory system to all cells of the body
Major Organs: mouth
• esophagus
• stomach
• liver
• pancreas
• small and large intestines
• anus
Major Tissues: epithelial
• muscle
• nerve
• connective
Describe the Musculoskeletal system
Major Function: • provides structural support to the body
• protects internal structures from the outside environment
• plays a role in movement and locomotion
Major Organs: • bones
• muscles
Major Tissues: • epithelial
• muscle
• nerve
• connective
Describe the Nervous system
Major Function: • responds to changes in the internal and external environment of the body
• coordinates the function of all other organ systems
Major Organs: • brain
• spinal cord
• sensory organs (eyes, ears, nose, taste buds)
Major Tissues: epithelial
• nerve
• connective
What Systems work together?
The respiratory, digestive, and circulatory systems work together
Animals are unable to make their own food and must survive by what?
Animals are unable to make their own food and must survive either by consuming living things (such as fruits, vegetables, and meat), or by consuming products that come from living things (such as eggs and honey).
How does Plants absorb their nutrients?
Plants cannot hunt for nutrients as animals do. Instead, they obtain nutrients directly from their environment. Plants use roots to absorb water and nutrients from the soil.
Small multicellular organisms use what to obtain oxygen?
Small multicellular organisms use diffusion to obtain oxygen. In all cases, oxygen is absorbed from the environment, and carbon dioxide is removed from the blood. The dissolved gases are transported in the blood.
How is air inhaled in humans?
In humans, air is inhaled through the mouth and nose and passes into the trachea
Plants have what?
Plants have special tissues containing stomates, which they use for gas exchange.
All vertebrates and some invertebrates have what?
All vertebrates and some invertebrates have a complex nervous system.
What works together to allow vertebrates to move around?
Muscles and bones work together to allow vertebrates to move around.
How does many unicellular organisms play an important role in recycling nutrients?
Many unicellular organisms play an important role in recycling nutrients. Fungi and bacteria decompose dead organisms, releasing nutrients and CO2. Some bacteria can convert nitrogen into a fertilizer for plants.
Other micro-organisms are used in what?
Other micro-organisms are used in the food industry. Yeast, for example, is used to produce breads and pastries. Yogurt is produced by bacterial action on milk.
Some micro-organisms produce what?
Some micro-organisms produce antibiotics that we use to treat infections. For example, penicillin, a common antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections, is made from a fungus.
Micro-organisms that live in the intestines contribute to what?
Micro-organisms that live in the intestines contribute to the health of your intestines, produce vitamins, and help break down foods that would otherwise be indigestible.
Some micro-organisms can cause what?
Some micro-organisms can cause health problems, such as acne, strep throat, and diarrhea, in humans.
Sometimes, cells are not able to what? Why does this happen?
Sometimes, cells are not able to function properly. An organism may inherit damaged genes that cause cells to fail, or environmental factors may damage cells.
Diabetes is a disease caused by what?
Diabetes is a disease caused by dysfunctional cells that produce insufficient insulin. There are two types of diabetes - type 1 and type 2. In type 1, insulin must be injected into the body, while in type 2, blood sugar is regulated with exercise and diet.
Cancer is caused by what?
Cancer is caused by dysfunctional cells that divide uncontrollably and form tumours. Benign tumours stay in one place, while malignant tumours spread to other parts of the body. Cancer can be caused by chemicals, infections, or inherited genes.
Tissues made from thick-walled plant cells are found in what?
Tissues made from thick-walled plant cells are found in the parts of the plant that provide structure.
Food material must be what?
Food material must be broken down into nutrients that the cells of the body can absorb and use for energy.
