Ch 6 Pathology Flashcards
hematology
the branch of medicine specializing in treatment of diseases and conditions of the blood; physician is a hematologist
blood clot
the hard collection of fibrin, blood cells, and tissue debris that is the end result of hemostasis or the blood-clotting process
coagulate
coagul/o= clotting
to convert from a liquid to a gel or solid, as in blood coagulation
dyscrasia
dys= abnormal -ia = condition
a general term indicating the presence of a disease affecting blood
hematoma
hemat/o = blood -oma = swelling
the collection of blood under the skin as the result of blood escaping into the tissue from damaged blood vessels. aka bruise
hemmorhage
hem/o= blood -rrhage = abnormal flow
rapid flow of blood
hemophilia
hereditary blood disease in which blood-clotting time is prolonged due to a lack of one vital clotting factor. It is transmitted by sex-linked trait from females to males, appearing almost exclusively in males
hyperlipidemia
hyper= excessive lip/o=fat -emia=blood condition
condition of having too high a level of lipids such as cholesterol in the bloodstream. A risk factor for developing atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease
pancytopenia
pan= all cyt/o = cell -penia= too few
having too few of all cells
septicemia
septic/o= infection -emia= blood condtion
Having bacteria or their toxins in the bloodstream. Sepsis is a term that means putrefaction or infection. aka blood poisoning
anemia
an=without -emia = blood condition
a large group of conditions characterized by a reduction in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood; results in less oxygen reaching the tissues
aplastic anemia
a=without -plastic= pertaining to development
severe form of anemia that develops as a consequence of loss of functioning red bone marrow. Results in a decrease in the number of all the formed elements. Treatment may eventually require a bone marrow transplant
erythrocytosis
-cytosis = more than normal # of cells
the condition of having too many red blood cells
erythropenia
-penia = too few
the condition of having too few red blood cells
hemolytic anemia
-lytic = destruction
an anemia that develops as the result of the destruction of erythrocytes
hemolytic reaction
-lytic= destruction
the destruction of a patient’s erythrocytes that occurs when receiving a transfusion of an incompatible blood type. aka transfusion reaction
hypochromic anemia
chrom/o = color
anemia resulting from having insufficient hemoglobin in the erythrocytes. Named because the hemoglobin molecule is responsible for the dark red color of the erythrocytes.
iron-deficiency anemia
anemia resulting from not having sufficient iron to manufacture hemoglobin
pernicious anemia (PA)
anemia associated with insufficient absorption of vitamin B12 by the digestion system. (necessary for RBC production)
polycythemia vera
production of too many RBC by the bone marrow. blood becomes too thick to easily flow through the blood vessels
sickle cell anemia
a genetic disorder in which erythrocytes take on an abnormal curved or “sickle” shape. These cells are fragile and are easily damaged, leading to a hemolytic anemia
thalassemia
a genetic disorder in which the body is unable to make functioning hemoglobin, resulting in anemia
leukemia
cancer of the white blood cell- forming red bone marrow resulting in a large number of abnormal and immature white blood cells circulating in the blood
leukocytosis
the condition of having too many white blood cells
thrombocytosis
thromb/o= clot -cytosis - more than normal # of cells
the condition of having to many platelets
leukopena
-penia = too few
the condition of having too few white blood cells
thrombopenia
the condition of having too few platelets
