Ch 14 Staging Tumors/ Oncology Terms/ Diagnostic/Therapeutic Procedures

Question 1

Grade: GX

Answer 1

grade cannot be determined

Question 2

Grade: GI

Answer 2

cells are well differentiated

Question 3

Grade: GII

Answer 3

Cells are moderately differentiated

Question 4

Grade: GIII

Answer 4

cells are poorly differentiated

Question 5

Grade: GIV

Answer 5

cells are undifferentiated

Question 6

carcinogen

Answer 6

substance or chemical agent that produces or increases the risk of developing cancer.

Question 7

carcinoma in situ (CIS)

Answer 7

malignant tumor whose cells have not spread beyond the original site

Question 8

encapsulated

Answer 8

growth enclosed in a sheath of tissue that prevents tumor cells from invading surrounding tissue

Question 9

hyperplasia

Answer 9

excessive development of normal cells within an organ

Question 10

invasive disease

Answer 10

tendency of a malignant tumor to spread to immediately surrounding tissue and organs.

Question 11

metastasis

Answer 11

movement and spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another. Metastases is plural

Question 12

morbidity

Answer 12

number representing the sick persons in a particular population

Question 13

mortality

Answer 13

number representing the deaths in a particular population

Question 14

mutation

Answer 14

change or transformation from the original

Question 15

neoplasm

Answer 15

new and abnormal growth or tumor. these can be benign or malignant

Question 16

oncogenic

Answer 16

cancer causing

Question 17

primary site

Answer 17

term used to designate where a malignant tumor first appeared

Question 18

relapse

Answer 18

return of disease symptoms after a period of improvement

Question 19

remission

Answer 19

period during which the symptoms of a disease or disorder leave. can be temporary

Question 20

biopsy

Answer 20

excision of a small piece of tissue for microscopic examination to assist in determining a diagnosis

Question 21

cytologic testing

Answer 21

examination of cells to determine their structure and origin. pap smears are considered a form of cytologic testing.

Question 22

exploratory surgery

Answer 22

surgery performed for the purpose of determining if cancer is present or if a known cancer has spread. Biopsies are generally performed

Question 23

staging laparotomy

Answer 23

surgical procedure in which the abdomen is entered to determine the extent and staging of a tumor

Question 24

chemotherapy

Answer 24

treating disease by using chemicals that have a toxic effect on the body, especially cancerous tissue

Question 25

hormone therapy

Answer 25

treatment of cancer with natural hormones or with chemicals that produce hormone-like effeects

Question 26

immunotherapy

Answer 26

strengthening the immune system to attack cancerous cells

Question 27

palliative therapy

Answer 27

treatment designed to reduce the intensity of painful symptoms, but does not produce a cure

Question 28

radiation therapy

Answer 28

exposing tumors and surrounding tissues to X-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, protons, and other sources to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors

Question 29

radical surgery

Answer 29

extensive surgery to remove as much tissue associated with a tumor as possible

Question 30

radioactive implant

Answer 30

embedding a radioactive source directly into tissue to provide a highly localized radiation dosage to damage nearby cancerous cells. aka brachytherapy