Ch. 6 Energy and Metabolism

Question 1

What is Thermodynamics?

Answer 1

a branch of chemistry concerned with energy changes

Question 2

What’s energy?

Answer 2

the ability to do work

Question 3

What’s kinetic energy?

Answer 3

energy of motion

Question 4

What’s potential energy?

Answer 4

stored energy

Question 5

What is heat?

Answer 5

a measurement of energy in calories

Question 6

What’s the 1st law of thermodynamics?

Answer 6

energy can only be converted

Question 7

What’s the second law of thermodynamics?

Answer 7

energy can be lost only as heat

Question 8

What’s the free energy equation?

Answer 8

G=H-TS

g: energy available to do work
h: enthalpy, total energy in a molecules chemical bond
t: absolute temperature in kelvin
s: entropy, unavailable energy

Question 9

What’s delta (triangle shape) G?

Answer 9

change in free energy

Question 10

Positive delta G has _____ free energy than reactants while negative delta G has _____ free energy than reactants.

Answer 10

more, less

Question 11

Which of the two has positive delta G? Endergonic or Exergonic?

Answer 11

Endergonic

Question 12

Which of the two has negative delta G? Endergonic or exergonic?

Answer 12

Exergonic

Question 13

What does a catalyst do?

Answer 13

lowers activation energy level

Question 14

How many phosphates does ATP and ADP have?

Answer 14

ATP = 3
ADP = 2

Question 15

What drives endergonic reactions?

Answer 15

ATP hydrolysis

Question 16

What is anabolism/ anabolic reactions?

Answer 16

expend energy to build up molecules

Question 17

What’s catabolism/catabolic reactions?

Answer 17

harvest energy by breaking down molecules

Question 18

What’s bioenergetics?

Answer 18

analysis of how energy powers the activities of living systems

Question 19

What’s free energy?

Answer 19

the energy available to do work at a constant temperature in a system

Question 20

What’s Gibbs free energy (G)?

Answer 20

constant temperature, volume and pressure

Question 21

What’s enthalpy (H)?

Answer 21

g = to the Total energy in a molecules chemical bond

Question 22

What’s the formula for Kelvin?

Answer 22

K = C+273

Question 23

What’s the formula for change in free energy?

Answer 23

Delta G = Delta H - T Delta S

Question 24

Does negative or positive Delta G occur spontaneously?

Answer 24

Negative Delta G

Question 25

How much phosphate does AMP have?

Answer 25

one

Question 26

What’s a substrate?

Answer 26

molecules that undergo reactions

Question 27

What’s metabolism?

Answer 27

collection of all chemical reactions

Question 28

What’s an induced fit?

Answer 28

when an enzyme is altered to fit a substrate

Question 29

What are ribozymes?

Answer 29

RNA catalysts

Question 30

Who do intramolecular catalysis’ catalyze?

Answer 30

themselves

Question 31

Who do intermolecular catalysis’ catalyze?

Answer 31

other molecules

Question 32

What impacts the enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

Answer 32

• concentration of substances and enzymes
• temperature and pH
• inhibitors
  -activators

Question 33

What’s a biological pathway?

Answer 33

sequences in which products of one reaction become the substrate for the next

Question 34

What’s feedback inhibition?

Answer 34

when the final product In a sequence goes back to the first enzyme and binds to it’s allosteric site to regulate the biological pathway

Question 35

What’s an allosteric activator?

Answer 35

something that binds to the allosteric site to keep an enzyme in active mode… increases enzyme activity