Ch 6 Cell energy Flashcards
what are autotrophs and heterotrophs
Autotrophs: Organisms that make their own food (ex plants)
Heterotrophs: Organisms that must ingest food, and can’t make their own (ex animals)
what is photosynthesis
The process by which green plants and others covert light into glucose
what does photosynthesis require
- requires: light, chlorophyl, water, co2, and electron carriers
- when electrons in chlorophyl absorb light, they acquire energy. Electron carriers transport these electrons to other molecules like NADPH and ATP the “energy molecules”
what is the photosynthesis reaction
reaction: 6CO2 + 6H20 → C6H12O6 + 6O2 (in the presence of light and chlorophyl)
describe chloroplasts
- chloroplasts have a two layered membrane
- they are filled with a cytoplasm like fluid called stroma
- Thylakoids are single disks in the chloroplasts
- Granum are stacks of thylakoids (photosystems)
what reaction is the first part of photosynthesis
Light dependant or Light reaction
- occurs in grana
- a process called the electron transport chain occurs in the thylakoid membrane
- chlorophyll traps light energy and uses It to break H2O into H+ and O2
what reaction is the second part of photosynthesis
Light Independent or Dark reaction
- occurs in the stroma
- needs no sunlight
- CO2 and electrons, along with H+ from the light run are put through the Calvin cycle to produce glucose
- 2 cycles produces 1 glucose molecule
what is cellular respiration
- A reaction that releases ATP from food using oxygen
- Reverse to the reaction of photosynthesis
what is required for cell respiration
requires: Glucose, O2, and electron carriers
what is the cell respiration reaction
reaction: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2o + 38ATP
what is the first part of cellular respiration
Glycolysis
- means glucose breaking
- occurs in the cytoplasm
- does not need oxygen (anaerobic)
- breaks glucose into molecules also called Pyruvic acid or pyruvate (C3H4O3)
- net gain of 2 ATP
what is the second part of cell respiration
Cellular respiration (proper)
- occurs in the mitochondria
- requires O2 (aerobic)
- uses pyruvate along with O2 to make CO2 and H2O, along with net 36ATP
- 2 parts
- krebs or citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix
- the e- transport chain happens in the cristae
describe the mitochondria
mitochondria has a double membrane
- it has folds called cristae
- and is filled with a gel called matrix
what is fermentation
- a process that produces ATP rapidly and anaerobically
- uses the pyruvic acid from glycolysis to break down and produce ATP
2 types
what is alcohol fermentation
- Produces alcohol along with ATP
- still less ATP
- done by yeast and some others
- the alcohol can be toxic and kill the organism
- makes bear and other food items
