Ch 2

Question 1

What are the five characteristics of life

Answer 1

They:
- Are made up of one or more units called cells
- Reproduce
- Grow and develop
- Obtain and use energy
- Respond to the environment

Question 2

what non-living thing is studied in biology

Answer 2

Virus are studied in biology but are not considered alive as they are not made of cells

Question 3

what are cells

Answer 3

Cells are self-contained units of living matter enclosed by a barrier
Most cells can perform all 5 functions of life

Question 4

what are the two types of cellular organisms

Answer 4

Unicellular Organisms are made up of 1 cell

Multicellular Organisms are made of many cells

Question 5

what does organisms reproducing mean

Answer 5

Living things can produce new organisms of the same type

Question 6

what are the two types of reproduction

Answer 6

Sexual reproductions use two cells from two different organisms to form the first cell of a new organism. The new organism is more distinct from the parents

Asexual reproduction is when a single organism produces an offspring on their own. The new organism is a clone of the parent

Question 7

what is growth and development

Answer 7

• Living things take in substances and create living tissue that allow them to grow in size.
• A cycle of change during growth is called development
• Organisms become less efficient as they become older, inevitably leading to death

Question 8

what do organisms do with energy

Answer 8

Energy is obtained from the environment and is used to grow, develop, and reproduce

Question 9

what are the three terms ending in “bolism” related to cellular activity

Answer 9

The creating and fabricating of complex substances called anabolism
The final breakdown of complex substances is called catabolism
The total chemical processes in an organism combining catabolism and anabolism is called metabolism

Question 10

what is stimuli

Answer 10

Things that cause response are called stimulus. Light, temp, odour, sound, etc

Question 11

what is irritability

Answer 11

Irritability is the ability to react to stimuli

Question 12

what is homeostasis

Answer 12

• The process by which organisms respond to stimuli in ways that keep conditions in their body suitable for life is called homeostasis
• Homeostasis keeps conditions in the body stable (ex human temp around 37 degrees C)

Question 13

what is a biologist

Answer 13

• The science that seeks to understand, explain, and control the living world is called biology
• A biologist is anyone who uses the scientific method to study living things

Question 14

what are some branches of biology

Answer 14

• Zoology: animals
• Botany: plants
• microbiology: Microscopic organism
• Paleontology: Extinct organisms
• Ethology: Animal behaviour
• Molecular Biology: Chemical units of life
• Cell Biology: the cell
• Ecology: Ecosystems

Other scientists study multicellular interactions between larger organism, the climate, or other things

Question 15

what might biologists use to help their studies

Answer 15

Biologists use many tools like pipettes, scales, computers, etc
One extremely common tool is the microscope, of which there are multiple types

Question 16

what is the compound light microscope

Answer 16

The compound light microscope is a very common microscope that uses light to view a specimen, they can view living organisms, and use two lens to magnify a specimen on a slide

Question 17

what is electron microscope

Answer 17

Electron microscope: Electron magnets bend electrons streams similar to light through a lens. Can see 1000x finer than compound light microscopes. Electron microscopes can only dead specimens as the air need to be removed and specimens dried. 2 types:

Question 18

what is a transmission electron microscope

Answer 18

Transmission electron microscope: uses a beam of light to magnify the image of a specimen onto a fluorescent screen. can make photos. 2D only. Specimens need to be sliced up and stained

Question 19

what is a scanning electron microscope

Answer 19

Scanning electron microscope: Scans a specimen and shows a 3d image on a Tv screen

Question 20

what’s the downside of electron microscopes

Answer 20

Electron microscopes can only dead specimens as the air need to be removed and specimens dried

Question 21

what is a probe microscope

Answer 21

Probe microscopes: use a fine tip probe instead of a lens, can observe single atoms

Question 22

what is the limit of resolution

Answer 22

Limit of resolution is the furthest point of magnification one can see a specimen before it becomes blurry. For compound light microscopes 0.2 um

Question 23

what do centrifuges do

Answer 23

Centrifuges spin a vial up to 20,000 times in a minute to separate parts of a specimen by weight after it is cut up

Question 24

what are micromanipulation tools used for

Answer 24

• Micromanipulation tools allow scientists to manipulate specimens too small to see

Question 25

what do cell cultures allow

Answer 25

• Cell culture allow cells to reproduce in a dish