Ch 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five characteristics of life

A

They:
- Are made up of one or more units called cells
- Reproduce
- Grow and develop
- Obtain and use energy
- Respond to the environment

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2
Q

what non-living thing is studied in biology

A

Virus are studied in biology but are not considered alive as they are not made of cells

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3
Q

what are cells

A

Cells are self-contained units of living matter enclosed by a barrier
Most cells can perform all 5 functions of life

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4
Q

what are the two types of cellular organisms

A

Unicellular Organisms are made up of 1 cell

Multicellular Organisms are made of many cells

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5
Q

what does organisms reproducing mean

A

Living things can produce new organisms of the same type

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6
Q

what are the two types of reproduction

A

Sexual reproductions use two cells from two different organisms to form the first cell of a new organism. The new organism is more distinct from the parents

Asexual reproduction is when a single organism produces an offspring on their own. The new organism is a clone of the parent

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7
Q

what is growth and development

A
  • Living things take in substances and create living tissue that allow them to grow in size.
  • A cycle of change during growth is called development
  • Organisms become less efficient as they become older, inevitably leading to death
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8
Q

what do organisms do with energy

A

Energy is obtained from the environment and is used to grow, develop, and reproduce

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9
Q

what are the three terms ending in “bolism” related to cellular activity

A

The creating and fabricating of complex substances called anabolism
The final breakdown of complex substances is called catabolism
The total chemical processes in an organism combining catabolism and anabolism is called metabolism

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10
Q

what is stimuli

A

Things that cause response are called stimulus. Light, temp, odour, sound, etc

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11
Q

what is irritability

A

Irritability is the ability to react to stimuli

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12
Q

what is homeostasis

A
  • The process by which organisms respond to stimuli in ways that keep conditions in their body suitable for life is called homeostasis
  • Homeostasis keeps conditions in the body stable (ex human temp around 37 degrees C)
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13
Q

what is a biologist

A
  • The science that seeks to understand, explain, and control the living world is called biology
  • A biologist is anyone who uses the scientific method to study living things
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14
Q

what are some branches of biology

A
  • Zoology: animals
  • Botany: plants
  • microbiology: Microscopic organism
  • Paleontology: Extinct organisms
  • Ethology: Animal behaviour
  • Molecular Biology: Chemical units of life
  • Cell Biology: the cell
  • Ecology: Ecosystems

Other scientists study multicellular interactions between larger organism, the climate, or other things

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15
Q

what might biologists use to help their studies

A

Biologists use many tools like pipettes, scales, computers, etc
One extremely common tool is the microscope, of which there are multiple types

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16
Q

what is the compound light microscope

A

The compound light microscope is a very common microscope that uses light to view a specimen, they can view living organisms, and use two lens to magnify a specimen on a slide

17
Q

what is electron microscope

A

Electron microscope: Electron magnets bend electrons streams similar to light through a lens. Can see 1000x finer than compound light microscopes. Electron microscopes can only dead specimens as the air need to be removed and specimens dried. 2 types:

18
Q

what is a transmission electron microscope

A

Transmission electron microscope: uses a beam of light to magnify the image of a specimen onto a fluorescent screen. can make photos. 2D only. Specimens need to be sliced up and stained

19
Q

what is a scanning electron microscope

A

Scanning electron microscope: Scans a specimen and shows a 3d image on a Tv screen

20
Q

what’s the downside of electron microscopes

A

Electron microscopes can only dead specimens as the air need to be removed and specimens dried

21
Q

what is a probe microscope

A

Probe microscopes: use a fine tip probe instead of a lens, can observe single atoms

22
Q

what is the limit of resolution

A

Limit of resolution is the furthest point of magnification one can see a specimen before it becomes blurry. For compound light microscopes 0.2 um

23
Q

what do centrifuges do

A

Centrifuges spin a vial up to 20,000 times in a minute to separate parts of a specimen by weight after it is cut up

24
Q

what are micromanipulation tools used for

A
  • Micromanipulation tools allow scientists to manipulate specimens too small to see
25
Q

what do cell cultures allow

A
  • Cell culture allow cells to reproduce in a dish