Ch 2 Flashcards
What are the five characteristics of life
They:
- Are made up of one or more units called cells
- Reproduce
- Grow and develop
- Obtain and use energy
- Respond to the environment
what non-living thing is studied in biology
Virus are studied in biology but are not considered alive as they are not made of cells
what are cells
Cells are self-contained units of living matter enclosed by a barrier
Most cells can perform all 5 functions of life
what are the two types of cellular organisms
Unicellular Organisms are made up of 1 cell
Multicellular Organisms are made of many cells
what does organisms reproducing mean
Living things can produce new organisms of the same type
what are the two types of reproduction
Sexual reproductions use two cells from two different organisms to form the first cell of a new organism. The new organism is more distinct from the parents
Asexual reproduction is when a single organism produces an offspring on their own. The new organism is a clone of the parent
what is growth and development
- Living things take in substances and create living tissue that allow them to grow in size.
- A cycle of change during growth is called development
- Organisms become less efficient as they become older, inevitably leading to death
what do organisms do with energy
Energy is obtained from the environment and is used to grow, develop, and reproduce
what are the three terms ending in “bolism” related to cellular activity
The creating and fabricating of complex substances called anabolism
The final breakdown of complex substances is called catabolism
The total chemical processes in an organism combining catabolism and anabolism is called metabolism
what is stimuli
Things that cause response are called stimulus. Light, temp, odour, sound, etc
what is irritability
Irritability is the ability to react to stimuli
what is homeostasis
- The process by which organisms respond to stimuli in ways that keep conditions in their body suitable for life is called homeostasis
- Homeostasis keeps conditions in the body stable (ex human temp around 37 degrees C)
what is a biologist
- The science that seeks to understand, explain, and control the living world is called biology
- A biologist is anyone who uses the scientific method to study living things
what are some branches of biology
- Zoology: animals
- Botany: plants
- microbiology: Microscopic organism
- Paleontology: Extinct organisms
- Ethology: Animal behaviour
- Molecular Biology: Chemical units of life
- Cell Biology: the cell
- Ecology: Ecosystems
Other scientists study multicellular interactions between larger organism, the climate, or other things
what might biologists use to help their studies
Biologists use many tools like pipettes, scales, computers, etc
One extremely common tool is the microscope, of which there are multiple types